Abstract: A grass management system includes a first moisture-obtaining device to obtain a first moisture value of grass in a mowing operation performed by a mower, a position-detecting device to detect a mowing position of the mower, and a creation supporting circuit to support creation of an operation plan for a working machine based on the first moisture value and the mowing position, the working machine being configured to perform an operation relating to the grass already mowed. The grass management system includes a moisture map creating circuit to create a moisture map of an agricultural field based on the first moisture value and the mowing position. The creation supporting circuit is configured to display the moisture map that is created by the moisture map creating circuit in creating the operation plan.

Abstract: An electronic control unit controls an air-fuel ratio sensor to detect an air-fuel ratio in an exhaust gas from an internal-combustion engine. An A/D converter and a sample value processor obtain a signal based on an impedance of the air-fuel ratio sensor in response to a power supply to the air-fuel ratio sensor via filters. A microcomputer determines an environment temperature of the air-fuel ratio sensor based on the signal. A switch or the microcomputer switches between an upstream side voltage supply path and a downstream side voltage supply path to obtain a signal depending on whether the air-fuel ratio sensor is operating in a low-temperature environment to improve the accuracy of the obtained signal.

Abstract: A load driving device supplies power to drive a solenoid valve from a high-voltage power source via a discharge MOSFET or from a direct current power source via a constant-current MOSFET. A return current flows through a reflux MOSFET. A control circuit determines an operation state of the reflux MOSFET by detecting a drain voltage of the reflux MOSFET as a detection voltage. When the reflux MOSFET does not turn ON due to a gate-ground fault, the return current flows through a parasitic diode and the control circuit can determine such a fault based on the detection voltage.

Abstract: An abnormality determination device includes an injection instructor that realizes a rich state of an air-fuel ratio in an exhaust gas by sending an instruction of (i) stopping an application of bias to a plus terminal and (ii) adjusting a fuel injection amount from an injector. The abnormality determination device also includes an abnormality determiner that distinctively determines abnormality of, i.e., in terms of which one of, the plus terminal or a minus terminal having a short circuit to a power supply or a ground failure by detecting an electromotive force of an air-fuel ratio sensor when the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is in the rich state according to the instruction of the injection instructor.

Abstract: A load driving device supplies power to drive a solenoid valve from a high-voltage power source via a discharge MOSFET or from a direct current power source via a constant-current MOSFET. A return current flows through a reflux MOSFET. A control circuit determines an operation state of the reflux MOSFET by detecting a drain voltage of the reflux MOSFET as a detection voltage. When the reflux MOSFET does not turn ON due to a gate-ground fault, the return current flows through a parasitic diode and the control circuit can determine such a fault based on the detection voltage.

Abstract: An electronic control unit controls an air-fuel ratio sensor to detect an air-fuel ratio in an exhaust gas from an internal-combustion engine. An A/D converter and a sample value processor obtain a signal based on an impedance of the air-fuel ratio sensor in response to a power supply to the air-fuel ratio sensor via filters. A microcomputer determines an environment temperature of the air-fuel ratio sensor based on the signal. A switch or the microcomputer switches between an upstream side voltage supply path and a downstream side voltage supply path to obtain a signal depending on whether the air-fuel ratio sensor is operating in a low-temperature environment to improve the accuracy of the obtained signal.

Abstract: A grass management system includes a first moisture-obtaining device to obtain a first moisture value of grass in a mowing operation performed by a mower, a position-detecting device to detect a mowing position of the mower, and a creation supporting circuit to support creation of an operation plan for a working machine based on the first moisture value and the mowing position, the working machine being configured to perform an operation relating to the grass already mowed. The grass management system includes a moisture map creating circuit to create a moisture map of an agricultural field based on the first moisture value and the mowing position. The creation supporting circuit is configured to display the moisture map that is created by the moisture map creating circuit in creating the operation plan.

Abstract: An abnormality determination device includes an injection instructor that realizes a rich state of an air-fuel ratio in an exhaust gas by sending an instruction of (i) stopping an application of bias to a plus terminal and (ii) adjusting a fuel injection amount from an injector, and an abnormality determiner that distinctively determines abnormality of, i.e., in terms of which one of, the plus terminal or a minus terminal having a sky failure or a ground failure by detecting an electromotive force of an air-fuel ratio sensor when the air-fuel ratio in the exhaust gas is in the rich state according to the instruction of the injection instructor.