Abstract: A translation apparatus includes: a preprocessing unit that takes an input sentence in a source language and outputs a token string in which the input sentence has been segmented in tokens, the tokens being a predetermined unit of processing; an output sequence prediction unit that inputs the token string output by the preprocessing unit to a trained translation model and predicts a word translation probability of a translation candidate for each token of the token string from the trained translation model; a word set prediction unit that checks each token of the token string output by the preprocessing unit against entry words of a bilingual dictionary, and upon detecting an entry word that agrees with the token in the bilingual dictionary, generates a target-language word set from a set of tokens constituting a translation phrase corresponding to the detected entry word; and an output sequence determination unit that computes a reward which is based on whether a translation candidate for each token of the i