Abstract: The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

Abstract: The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

Abstract: The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition includes a compound having a partial structure represented by formula (i), particularly in which Ki1 is represented by one of formula (K-1) to formula (K-11). When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

Abstract: The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition provides storage stability and allows liquid crystal molecules to be vertically aligned without a PI layer when added to a liquid crystal composition. The spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition includes a compound having a partial structure represented by formula (i), particularly in which Ki1 is represented by one of formula (K-1) to formula (K-11). When used in a liquid crystal composition, the spontaneous orientation aid can adsorb to substrates sandwiching a liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) and keep the liquid crystal molecules aligned in a vertical direction. The spontaneous orientation aid makes it possible to align liquid crystal molecules without a PI layer (to induce vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules under no applied voltage and to achieve horizontal alignment of the liquid crystal molecules under an applied voltage).

Abstract: The present invention provides a spontaneous orientation aid for a liquid crystal composition, containing one kind or two or more kinds of a compound having a partial structure represented by the general formula (i), wherein Zi1 represents a single bond, etc.; Ai1 represents a divalent 6-membered aromatic group, etc.; mi1 represents an integer of 1 to 5; and Ki1 represents a structure represented by any of the following formulae (K-1) to (K-8), wherein WK1 represents a methine group, etc.; XK1 and YK1 each represent —CH2—, etc.; ZK1 represents an oxygen atom, etc.; and UK1, VK1, and SK1 each represent a methine group, etc.

Abstract: A display panel comprises an anode substrate provided with light emitting members that emit light under irradiation of electron beams, a cathode substrate provided with electron emitting elements, and spacer members arranged inside the display panel. Here, the resistivity between the anode substrate and the spacer members is larger than the resistivity between the cathode substrate and the spacer members.

Abstract: To accurately detect a resonance frequency of tire even in high speed range by which tire air pressure state of each wheel is known, a calculation processing unit to which detection signals of wheel speed and resonance frequencies of tire are inputted calculates a timewise change amount of a wheel speed deviation that is a difference between wheel speed ratios of front and rear wheels. Then, it makes corrections to remove the influence of timewise change amounts of resonance frequencies of front wheels from timewise change amounts of wheel speed deviations based on a relationship between the resonance frequency and the wheel speed deviation when air pressure of the tire is changed.

Abstract: In a tire air pressure estimation based upon vibration components extracted rom a vehicle wheel speed signal, when the vehicle is a driven vehicle wheel, the precision of estimation is improved by canceling the components of vibration due to the resonance of the drive system from the vibration components based upon which the estimation calculation is made. The vibration components due to the resonance of the drive system can be canceled by canceling those vibration components extracted from the vehicle wheel speed signal which are the same in the phase between left and right driven vehicle wheels. When the tire air pressure of one of a pair of left and right driven vehicle wheels is lower than that of the other, the lower tire air pressure is more correctly estimated. Therefore, the higher tire air pressure may be estimated according to the lower tire air pressure against the drive system resonance.

Abstract: Curve surface shapes Z.sub.X, Z.sub.Y on the long axis and short axis of at least the outer surface of a face plate are approximated by Z.sub.X =A.sub.1 X.sup.2 +A.sub.2 X.sup.4 +A.sub.3 X.sup.6 and Z.sub.Y =A.sub.4 Y.sup.2 +A.sub.5 Y.sup.4 +A.sub.6 Y.sup.6, and the curved surface shapes P.sub.X, P.sub.Y of at least the outer surface of the face plate panel at points (X=X.sub.1, Y=Y.sub.1) of effective screen boundary portions are given by P.sub.X =A.sub.1 X.sub.1.sup.2 /(A.sub.1 X.sub.1.sup.2 +A.sub.2 X.sub.1.sup.4 +A.sub.3 X.sub.1.sup.6) and P.sub.Y =A.sub.4 Y.sub.1.sup.2 /(A.sub.4 Y.sub.1.sup.2 +A.sub.5 Y.sub.1.sup.4 +A.sub.6 Y.sub.1.sup.6), wherein 0.6<P.sub.X .ltoreq.0.9 and 0.6.ltoreq.P.sub.Y .ltoreq.1.0 are satisfied. The curvature radii R (mm) of the effective screen boundary portion of the short side and long side satisfy the relationship: 2.0 (42.5 V+45.0)<R.ltoreq.4.0 (42.5 V+45.0), where the effective diagonal diameter of the face plate panel is V (inches).

Abstract: In a speed detecting apparatus for a rotating body, a correction coefficient is used to correct a detecting error in each of pulse signal periods representing speed data of the rotating body. The correction coefficient is updated so as to cancel an aberration of the corresponding pulse signal period caused by a nonstandard factor of the rotating body. Specifically, an average value of the pulse signal periods corresponding to one rotation of the rotating body is first derived, then a value indicative of a deviation between corresponding one of the pulse signal periods and the average value is derived, and further, an updating value is derived by adjusting a degree of influence of the deviation indicative value to the correction coefficient using a correction sensitivity coefficient. The correction coefficient is updated by adding the updating value to a last value of the correction coefficient.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to detect a tire air pressure indirectly with high detection precision.A tire air pressure detecting device includes a speed sensor for outputting a signal corresponding to a rotational speed of a tire, and an electronic control unit which inputs the signal from the speed sensor and performs predetermined arithmetic operations on that signal. The electronic control unit calculates a wheel speed based on the output signal of the speed sensor, performs a frequency analysis for the calculated vehicle speed, and derives a resonance frequency corresponding to the unsprung mass in the vertical and longitudinal directions. The tire air pressure is then detected based on this resonance frequency.