Abstract: A vibration device includes a light-transmissive body, and a vibrator to vibrate the light-transmissive body at a vibration acceleration of equal to or more than about 1.5×105 m/s2 and equal to or less than about 8.0×105 m/s2.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a casing holding an image capturing device, a protective cover disposed in a visual field of the image capturing device, a vibrator to vibrate the protective cover, a controller to control the vibrator, a monitor to detect an electrical characteristic value associated with a vibration of the vibrator, and a storage to store determination criteria based on which the controller evaluates the electrical characteristic value detected by the monitor. The controller is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristic value based on the plurality of determination criteria stored in the storage and clean a surface of the translucent body by controlling the vibrator according to the determination.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover to transmit light with a predetermined wavelength, a first cylindrical body to hold the protective cover at one end, a plate spring to support the other end of the first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body to support, at one end, a portion of the plate spring in an outer side portion of a portion that supports the first cylindrical body, and a vibrating body that is provided at the other end of the second cylindrical body to vibrate in an axial direction of the second cylindrical body.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover that transmits light with a predetermined wavelength, a first cylindrical body that holds the protective cover at one end, a plate-shaped plate spring that supports the other end of the first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body that supports, at one end, a portion of the plate spring in an outer side portion of a portion that supports the first cylindrical body, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements on side surfaces of the second cylindrical body and that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to a penetrating direction of the second cylindrical body.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover, a first cylindrical body, a plate spring, a second cylindrical body, a piezoelectric element, and a vibrating plate. The vibration device further includes a non-equilibrium structure that removes a mass of a portion of or adds a mass to at least one of the protective cover, the first cylindrical body, the plate spring, the second cylindrical body, and the vibrating plate.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover that transmits light with a predetermined wavelength, a first cylindrical body that holds the protective cover at one end, a plate-shaped plate spring that supports the other end of the first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body that supports, at one end, a portion of the plate spring in an outer side portion of a portion that supports the first cylindrical body, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements on side surfaces of the second cylindrical body and that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to a penetrating direction of the second cylindrical body.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover to transmit light with a predetermined wavelength, a first cylindrical body to hold the protective cover at one end, a plate spring to support the other end of the first cylindrical body, a second cylindrical body to support, at one end, a portion of the plate spring in an outer side portion of a portion that supports the first cylindrical body, and a vibrating body that is provided at the other end of the second cylindrical body to vibrate in an axial direction of the second cylindrical body.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a protective cover, a first cylindrical body, a plate spring, a second cylindrical body, a piezoelectric element, and a vibrating plate. The vibration device further includes a non-equilibrium structure that removes a mass of a portion of or adds a mass to at least one of the protective cover, the first cylindrical body, the plate spring, the second cylindrical body, and the vibrating plate.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a casing holding an image capturing device, a protective cover disposed in a visual field of the image capturing device, a vibrator to vibrate the protective cover, a controller to control the vibrator, a monitor to detect an electrical characteristic value associated with a vibration of the vibrator, and a storage to store determination criteria based on which the controller evaluates the electrical characteristic value detected by the monitor. The controller is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristic value based on the plurality of determination criteria stored in the storage and clean a surface of the translucent body by controlling the vibrator according to the determination.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a casing holding an image capturing device, a protective cover disposed in a visual field of the image capturing device, a vibrator to vibrate the protective cover, a controller to control the vibrator, a monitor to detect an electrical characteristic value associated with a vibration of the vibrator, and a storage to store determination criteria based on which the controller evaluates the electrical characteristic value detected by the monitor. The controller is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristic value based on the plurality of determination criteria stored in the storage and clean a surface of the translucent body by controlling the vibrator according to the determination.

Abstract: A vibrating device includes a vibrating element, a support, and a connector. The vibrating element includes a vibrating body that is tubular and includes a first opening end surface and a second opening end surface. The support extends in an axial direction and supports the vibrating body, the axial direction being a direction connecting the first opening end surface and the second opening end surface of the vibrating body. The connector connects the vibrating body and the support to each other. The vibrating body vibrates in a breathing vibration mode to generate a first node and a second node on the vibrating element at different positions in the axial direction. The connector is positioned between the first node and the second node.

Abstract: An optical device includes a protective cover, a housing, and a vibrating body that vibrates the protective cover by selecting, from multiple vibration modes in which the protective cover is vibrated, a cleaning mode in which vibration displacement of the protective cover becomes maximum and a higher-order heating mode in which the number of nodes is larger than that in the cleaning mode. In the heating mode, the position of the maximum vibration displacement in this vibration mode is within a region of the protective cover that corresponds to the field of view of the optical sensor.

Abstract: An optical device includes a protective cover disposed in a field of view direction of an optical sensor, a casing that holds the protective cover, a temperature adjuster that adjusts the temperature of the protective cover, and a vibrating body that drives the protective cover to remove foreign matter adhering to a surface of the protective cover. The temperature adjuster adjusts the temperature of the protective cover so that the temperature increases from the periphery to the center of the protective cover.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a casing holding an image capturing device, a protective cover disposed in a visual field of the image capturing device, a vibrator to vibrate the protective cover, a controller to control the vibrator, a monitor to detect an electrical characteristic value associated with a vibration of the vibrator, and a storage to store determination criteria based on which the controller evaluates the electrical characteristic value detected by the monitor. The controller is configured to evaluate the electrical characteristic value based on the plurality of determination criteria stored in the storage and clean a surface of the translucent body by controlling the vibrator according to the determination.

Abstract: A liquid immersion exposure apparatus has: a projection system with an optical element; a substrate stage having a holder by which a substrate is held; an immersion area forming member having an opening through which exposure light is projected, a plurality of liquid recovery ports arranged facing downwardly and surrounding the opening, and a plurality of liquid supply ports arranged facing downwardly and between the opening and the liquid recovery ports; and a sensor having a transparent member and a light receiver, with the transparent member being provided at the substrate stage and the light receiver receiving light from the projection system through the transparent member and liquid between the end surface of the optical element and the transparent member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel engine capable of preventing a PM accumulation amount from increasing excessively. If DOC inlet exhaust gas temperature (“IEGT”) does not reach a predetermined value T0, a control unit carries out air intake amount feedback control (“AIAFC”), and a target value of intake throttling is set to a predetermined air intake amount. If the DPF regenerating processing is not started even if elapsed time reaches a predetermined value t after AIAFC is started in a state where the DOC IEGT does not reach the predetermined value T0, the control unit changes AIAFC to exhaust gas temperature feedback control (“EGTFC”). In EGTFC, the control unit changes a target value of intake throttling to a predetermined DOC IEGT T0. If application of a load exceeding a predetermined amount is detected before the DOC IEGT reaches the predetermined value T0, the control unit returns EGTFC to AIAFC.

Abstract: This invention selectively synthesizes a cycloparaphenylene compound having 10, 11, or 13 benzene rings. The invention also synthesizes a cycloparaphenylene compound in which a functional group is introduced into a desired portion. By reacting specific raw materials using a specific reaction, a cyclic compound having 10, 11, or 13 bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups, bivalent heterocyclic groups, or derivative groups thereof can be selectively obtained as a pure substance.

Abstract: This invention selectively synthesizes a cycloparaphenylene compound having 10, 11, or 13 benzene rings. The invention also synthesizes a cycloparaphenylene compound in which a functional group is introduced into a desired portion. By reacting specific raw materials using a specific reaction, a cyclic compound having 10, 11, or 13 bivalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups, bivalent heterocyclic groups, or derivative groups thereof can be selectively obtained as a pure substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a diesel engine capable of preventing a PM accumulation amount from increasing excessively. If DOC inlet exhaust gas temperature (“IEGT”) does not reach a predetermined value T0, a control unit carries out air intake amount feedback control (“AIAFC”), and a target value of intake throttling is set to a predetermined air intake amount. If the DPF regenerating processing is not started even if elapsed time reaches a predetermined value t after AIAFC is started in a state where the DOC IEGT does not reach the predetermined value T0, the control unit changes AIAFC to exhaust gas temperature feedback control (“EGTFC”). In EGTFC, the control unit changes a target value of intake throttling to a predetermined DOC IEGT T0. If application of a load exceeding a predetermined amount is detected before the DOC IEGT reaches the predetermined value T0, the control unit returns EGTFC to AIAFC.