Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a cleaning blade having an elastic member contacting a surface of the image bearer, the cleaning blade removing a residue on the surface of the image bearer, and a controller. In the image forming apparatus, the cleaning blade has a coating film of a lubricant formed on an edge contacting, at least, the image bearer, and the controller performs an initial coating film adjustment before an image is initially formed. In the image forming apparatus, the initial coating film adjustment includes driving the image bearer to rotate, sliding the image bearer and the cleaning blade, removing a portion of the coating film of the lubricant, which is formed on the cleaning blade, and exposing the edge of the cleaning blade.

Abstract: A tool load displaying method for a machine tool includes inputting a machining program that specifies a plurality of tools used during machining work and that specifies machining processes which constitute the machining work and each of which is performed by using each of the plurality of tools. At least one piece of load information corresponding to each of the plurality of tools during each of the at least one machining process is calculated. Selected load information is selected from the at least one piece of load information. The plurality of tools are displayed.

Abstract: A powder conveying device includes a drop conveyance passage, an intersecting conveyance passage, a conveying screw, and a floating member. Powder entering from an inflow port drops in the drop conveyance passage. The intersecting conveyance passage communicates with a lower end of the drop conveyance passage and extends in an intersecting direction that intersects the drop conveyance passage. The conveying screw is disposed in the intersecting conveyance passage and rotates in a specified direction to convey the powder in the intersecting direction. The floating member is movably installed in the drop conveyance passage and floats in the drop conveyance passage to move by contact with the conveying screw. The inflow port and the floating member interfere with each other to prevent the floating member from coming out of the inflow port of the drop conveyance passage.

Abstract: An input assistance method includes: a plurality of steps in which setting-information based on which the machine tool is configured to be controlled to machine a workpiece so as to make a product is input. A setting step in which a selected information is to be input is selected among the plurality of steps. The selected information of the plurality of steps constitutes the setting-information. A setting interface via which the selected information is input is displayed. Whether inputting the selected information has been completed is determined. Information indicating that inputting the selected information has been completed is displayed, when inputting the selected information is determined to have been completed. The plurality of steps includes a first step in which a shape of the product is input and a second step in which a shape of the workpiece and a material of the workpiece are input.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image bearer, a transfer device, a cleaner, a bias power source, and circuitry. The toner image bearer bears a toner image. The transfer device performs a transfer process The cleaner contacts the toner image bearer to remove transfer residual toner that is subject to the transfer process and remove untransferred toner that is not subject to the transfer process. The bias power source applies one of a first bias and a second bias different from the first bias to the cleaner. The circuitry controls the bias power source to output the first bias to the cleaner in response to a start of an image forming operation to remove the untransferred toner from the toner image bearer and control the bias power source to switch an output from the first bias to the second bias.

Abstract: A heat circuit may include a controller configured to execute a first process and then a defrosting operation. The first process may be a process to execute a first air-heating operation and a heat storage operation simultaneously. The second process may be a process to execute a defrosting operation. The controller may be configured, in the first air-heating operation, to cause the radiator to heat a radiator passage and cause the air-heating apparatus to heat air using heat of a air-heating passage while circulating the heat medium in the radiator passage and the air-heating passage. The controller may be configured, in the heat storage operation, to circulate the heat medium in an electrical apparatus passage and a bypass passage. The controller may be configured, in the defrosting operation, to circulate the heat medium in the electrical apparatus passage and the radiator passage.

Abstract: A heat management device may include: a first heat circuit; a second heat circuit; a heat exchanger configured to cool the first heat circuit and heat the second heat circuit; air-heating apparatus configured to heat air using the second heat circuit; a battery and electrical apparatus configured to be cooled by the first heat circuit; and a radiator configured to exchange heat between the first heat circuit and outside air. A controller may be configured, in the second process, to cause the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger passage while a heat medium circulates in the heat exchanger passage and the battery passage and bypasses the radiator passage. The controller may be configured, in the third process, to cause the radiator to cool the heat medium while the heat medium circulates in the radiator passage and the electrical apparatus passage and bypasses the heat exchanger passage.

Abstract: A heat management device may include: a first heat circuit; a second heat circuit; a heat exchanger configured to cool the first heat circuit and heat the second heat circuit; air-heating apparatus configured to heat air using the second heat circuit; a battery and electrical apparatus configured to be cooled by the first heat circuit; and a radiator configured to exchange heat between the first heat circuit and outside air. A controller may be configured, in the second process, to cause the heat exchanger to cool the heat exchanger passage while a heat medium circulates in the heat exchanger passage and the battery passage and bypasses the radiator passage. The controller may be configured, in the third process, to cause the radiator to cool the heat medium while the heat medium circulates in the radiator passage and the electrical apparatus passage and bypasses the heat exchanger passage.

Abstract: A heat circuit may include a controller configured to execute a first process and then a defrosting operation. The first process may be a process to execute a first air-heating operation and a heat storage operation simultaneously. The second process may be a process to execute a defrosting operation. The controller may be configured, in the first air-heating operation, to cause the radiator to heat a radiator passage and cause the air-heating apparatus to heat air using heat of a air-heating passage while circulating the heat medium in the radiator passage and the air-heating passage. The controller may be configured, in the heat storage operation, to circulate the heat medium in an electrical apparatus passage and a bypass passage. The controller may be configured, in the defrosting operation, to circulate the heat medium in the electrical apparatus passage and the radiator passage.

Abstract: A positive type photosensitive resin composition for forming patterned resin film is provided. The patterned resin film has high transparency, low dielectric constant, high solvent resistance, high water resistance, high acid resistance, high alkali resistance, high heat resistance, and excellent adhesive properties with the substrate, which is obtained by developing with an alkali solution. The positive type photosensitive resin composition contains copolymer of compound of formula (I) and 1,2-quinonediazido compound, or further mixes with other alkali-soluble polymers, in formula (I), R1 is hydrogen or alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms in which any hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine; and R2, R3 and R4 are independently hydroxyl group, alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, alkoxyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms or —O(Si(ClH2l+1)2O)mSi(CpH2p+1)3, 1 is an integer of 1-5, m is 0 or an integer of 1-10, n is an integer of 1-5, and p is an integer of 1-5.

Abstract: A material of cured film, a thermosetting film and a display device are provided. The thermosetting composition includes a solvent and at least one siloxane polymer selected from the group consisting of siloxane polymer (A) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a monofunctional silane represented by formula (1) and a trifunctional silane represented by formula (2), and siloxane polymer (B) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a bifunctional silane represented by formula (3) and a tetrafunctional silane represented by formula (4). R independently represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen. R? independently represents a hydrolyzable group.

Abstract: A material of cured film, a thermosetting film and a display device are provided. The thermosetting composition includes a solvent and at least one siloxane polymer selected from the group consisting of siloxane polymer (A) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a mono functional silane represented by formula (1) and a trifunctional silane represented by formula (2), and siloxane polymer (B) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a bifunctional silane represented by formula (3) and a tetrafunctional silane represented by formula (4). R independently represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen. R? independently represents a hydrolyzable group.

Abstract: A material of cured film, a thermosetting film and a display device are provided. The thermosetting composition includes a solvent and at least one siloxane polymer selected from the group consisting of siloxane polymer (A) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a monofunctional silane represented by formula (1) and a trifunctional silane represented by formula (2), and siloxane polymer (B) obtained by hydrolyzing or condensing a silane mixture containing a bifunctional silane represented by formula (3) and a tetrafunctional silane represented by formula (4). R independently represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbons whose arbitrary hydrogen can be replaced by a halogen. R? independently represents a hydrolyzable group.

Abstract: A positive photosensitive polymer composition of the invention contains: a copolymer obtained by the radical polymerization of monomers including a radical polymerizable monomer (a1) having a (meth)acryloyl group and a polyalkylene glycol group a terminal of which is an alkoxy group; and a 1,2-quinone diazide compound. The positive photosensitive polymer composition may further contain a copolymer obtained by the radical polymerization of monomers not including the monomer (a1).

Abstract: A positive type photosensitive resin composition for forming patterned resin film is provided. The patterned resin film has high transparency, low dielectric constant, high solvent resistance, high water resistance, high acid resistance, high alkali resistance, high heat resistance, and excellent adhesive properties with the substrate, which is obtained by developing with an alkali solution. The positive type photosensitive resin composition contains copolymer of compound of formula (I) and 1,2-quinonediazido compound, or further mixes with other alkali-soluble polymers, in formula (I), R1 is hydrogen or allyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms in which any hydrogen may be replaced by fluorine; and R2, R3 and R4 are independently hydroxyl group, alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms, alkoxyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms or —O(Si(ClH2l+1)2O)m Si(CpH2p+1)3, 1 is an integer of 1-5, m is 0 or an integer of 1-10, n is an integer of 1-5, and p is an integer of 1-5.