Abstract: A method for producing a foamed body includes: forming a foamed layer precursor including applying a coating liquid onto a base to form a liquid film and applying an ink onto the liquid film by an inkjet method, where the coating liquid contains a foaming agent and an active energy ray curable material having a radical-polymerizable functional group, the active energy ray curable material contains a multifunctional active energy ray curable material having two or more radical-polymerizable functional groups, and the ink contains a foaming accelerator having a radical-polymerizable functional group; and foaming a desired position of the foamed layer precursor by heating to form a foamed layer. A functional group equivalent of the radical-polymerizable functional group in the foaming accelerator is greater than a functional group equivalent of the radical-polymerizable functional group in the active energy ray curable material.

Abstract: A printed matter producing method includes forming an intermediate layer over a base material; applying an ink receiving layer forming liquid to the intermediate layer to form an ink receiving layer; and applying an ink to the ink receiving layer by an inkjet method to form an image. The viscosity of the ink receiving layer forming liquid at 25 degrees C. is 40 mPa·s or higher.

Abstract: A method produces a printed product, where the method includes applying a curable composition including a volume expansion agent and a polymerizable compound, to form a volume expansion layer; applying a colorant composition including a colorant, to form a colorant layer; and applying energy to the volume expansion layer and the colorant layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a foamed body includes: forming a foamed layer precursor including applying a coating liquid onto a base to form a liquid film and applying an ink onto the liquid film by an inkjet method, where the coating liquid contains a foaming agent and an active energy ray curable material having a radical-polymerizable functional group, the active energy ray curable material contains a multifunctional active energy ray curable material having two or more radical-polymerizable functional groups, and the ink contains a foaming accelerator having a radical-polymerizable functional group; and foaming a desired position of the foamed layer precursor by heating to form a foamed layer. A functional group equivalent of the radical-polymerizable functional group in the foaming accelerator is greater than a functional group equivalent of the radical-polymerizable functional group in the active energy ray curable material.

Abstract: A printing method includes applying a foaming agent composition containing a foaming agent to form a foaming agent layer, applying a foaming inhibitor composition containing a foaming inhibitor onto the foaming agent layer, curing the foaming agent layer with irradiation of active energy, and heating the foaming agent layer to foam the foaming agent layer, wherein the foaming agent composition has a viscosity of from 50 to 1,500 mPa·s at 25 degrees C. and the absolute difference between the static surface tension of the foaming agent composition and the static surface tension of the foaming inhibitor composition is 5 mN/m or less.

Abstract: A liquid discharge apparatus (1) includes a first liquid application device (10) configured to apply a first liquid containing an active energy ray curable liquid, onto a recording medium (19); a second liquid application device (12-15) configured to discharge, by an inkjet method, a plurality of second liquids each of which is an active energy ray curable liquid containing a colorant different from each other; an irradiation device (18) configured to irradiate, with an active energy ray, the first liquid and the plurality of second liquids. The liquid discharge apparatus (1) further includes a controller configured to control the first liquid application device (10), the second liquid application device (12-15), and the irradiation device (18). The controller causes the second liquid application device (12-15) to apply the plurality of second liquids onto the first liquid according to image data, to form a plane pattern group.

Abstract: Provided is a printed matter producing method including a foaming liquid layer forming step of applying a foaming agent-containing composition, which contains: a foaming agent; and a polymerizable compound containing a multifunctional monomer, over a print target, to form a foaming liquid layer, a defoaming agent applying step of applying a defoaming agent containing a polymerizable compound selectively over the foaming liquid layer, a defoaming agent curing step of curing the defoaming agent applied, a foaming step of heating the foaming liquid layer after the defoaming agent curing step to foam the foaming liquid layer, and a curing step of performing curing by electron beam irradiation after the foaming step.

Abstract: Provided is printed matter producing method including: forming a foamable layer containing a foaming agent; applying a defoaming agent to a predetermined region of the foamable layer to bring the defoaming agent into contact with the foamable layer; forming an ink receiving layer over the foamable layer to which the defoaming agent is applied; acquiring image data and shape data representing a shape of a bossed-recessed region of the foamable layer after foamed, and generating print data assigning a greater amount of an ink to a portion in the image data corresponding to an inclined portion of the bossed-recessed region based on the shape data; applying an ink over the ink receiving layer based on the print data to form an image; and applying energy to the foamable layer to form bosses and recesses.

Abstract: Provided is a printed matter producing method including: a foamable layer forming step of forming a foamable layer containing a foaming agent, an ink receiving layer forming step of forming an ink receiving layer containing a polymer of a polymerizable compound a over the foamable layer, an image forming step of applying an ink containing a colorant and a polymerizable compound b over the ink receiving layer to form an image, and a foaming step of heating the foamable layer to foam the foamable layer.

Abstract: Provided is a printed matter producing method including: a volume expansion layer forming step of forming a volume expansion layer containing a volume expansion agent; a volume expansion suppressor applying step of applying and contacting a volume expansion suppressor containing a multifunctional monomer to the volume expansion layer while increasing an amount of the multifunctional monomer to be applied to a predetermined region of the volume expansion layer in accordance with a degree of suppressing volume expansion of the predetermined region of the volume expansion layer; and a volume expanding step of heating the volume expansion layer after the volume expansion suppressor applying step to volume-expand the volume expansion layer.

Abstract: A printing method includes applying a foaming agent composition containing a foaming agent to form a foaming agent layer, applying a foaming inhibitor composition containing a foaming inhibitor onto the foaming agent layer, curing the foaming agent layer with irradiation of active energy, and heating the foaming agent layer to foam the foaming agent layer, wherein the foaming agent composition has a viscosity of from 50 to 1,500 mPa·s at 25 degrees C. and the absolute difference between the static surface tension of the foaming agent composition and the static surface tension of the foaming inhibitor composition is 5 mN/m or less.

Abstract: A head-mounted display apparatus (1) includes an image display part (10) configured to display an image, an optical unit (20, 30, 50) configured to lead the image to an eye of a wearer of the display apparatus (1), a light intensity detector (60) configured to detect light intensity (A) of external light, a dimmer filter (40) configured to vary transmittance to adjust the intensity (B) of the external light reaching the eye of the wearer, and a controller (70) configured to adjust the transmittance of the dimmer filter (40) and the light intensity (C) of a light source of the image display part (10) based on the light intensity (A) of the external light obtained by the light intensity detector (60).

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A head-mounted display apparatus (1) includes an image display part (10) configured to display an image, an optical unit (20, 30, 50) configured to lead the image to an eye of a wearer of the display apparatus (1), a light intensity detector (60) configured to detect light intensity (A) of external light, a dimmer filter (40) configured to vary transmittance to adjust the intensity (B) of the external light reaching the eye of the wearer, and a controller (70) configured to adjust the transmittance of the dimmer filter (40) and the light intensity (C) of a light source of the image display part (10) based on the light intensity (A) of the external light obtained by the light intensity detector (60).

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional culture structure that is excellent in cell adhesion and cell stretching and can be produced efficiently. The three-dimensional culture structure includes cells, a cell support material configured to support the cells, and bioaffinity particles. In a preferable mode, the bioaffinity particles are exposed from at least part of the surface of the cell support material, or the bioaffinity particles are protruded from the cell support material, or a surface area occupation rate at which the bioaffinity particles are exposed is 20% or greater of the entire surface of the three-dimensional culture structure, or the bioaffinity particles are dispersed in the cell support material.

Abstract: To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Using an intermediate transfer body onto which a conductive recording liquid containing water that is ejected by heads is provided; and a potential applying unit which applies a potential which can electrolyze the water within the conductive recording liquid which is ejected from the heads and which temporarily bridges between the heads and the intermediate transfer body, the potential applying unit applies a potential between the intermediate transfer body and electrodes which are in contact with the recording liquid in supplying units which supply the recording liquid to the heads.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous ink composition, including an aqueous solvent, a coloring agent dissolved or dispersed in the aqueous solvent, an ABA-type amphipathic polymer including a hydrophobic segment A and a hydrophilic segment B, and an anionic surfactant configured to dissolve or disperse the ABA-type amphipathic polymer in the aqueous solvent, wherein a viscosity of the aqueous ink composition is changed depending on a pH thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image forming apparatus including a head configured to discharge an aqueous recording liquid onto a recording medium; and a coating unit configured to apply a process liquid onto the recording medium, wherein the process liquid is formed by emulsifying, by a first surfactant, water including a water-soluble polymer and a low polarity solvent which is not compatible with the water, wherein the water and the low polarity solvent are emulsified as a W/O emulsion in which the water is in a dispersed phase and the low polarity solvent is in a continuous phase.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus with a voltage applying unit between a recording head and an intermediate transfer drum is capable of activating polyvalent metal ions inactivated in advance in jetted recording liquid without liquid activators independent of the recording liquid for sufficient flocculation on the drum. When the jetted recording liquid temporarily bridges the head and the drum, electrolysis of the recording liquid by the voltage applied instantly leads to generation of hydrogen ions on the drum, which triggers a sequence of reactions in the recording liquid of activation of polyvalent metal ions, cross-link between the activated polyvalent metal ions and anionic polymer, and increase in viscosity on the drum.