Abstract: A method for producing a rubbery polymer includes a step of preparing a mixture containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate, a hydrophobe, and an emulsifier, wherein an amount of the hydrophobe is 0.1-10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the alkyl (meth)acrylate, and an amount of emulsifier is 0.01-1.0 part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the alkyl (meth)acrylate; a step of applying a shear force to the mixture to prepare a pre-emulsion, and a step of heating the pre-emulsion to polymerize the resulting mixture by miniemulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A graft copolymer (B-III) includes a rubbery polymer (A-III) that is a miniemulsion polymerization reaction product of an alkyl (meth)acrylate; and at least one monomer selected from aromatic vinyl compounds, (meth)acrylic acid esters, and vinyl cyanide compounds graft-polymerized onto the rubbery polymer (A-III).

Abstract: A method for producing a rubbery polymer includes a step of preparing a mixture containing an alkyl (meth)acrylate, a hydrophobe, and an emulsifier, wherein an amount of the hydrophobe is 0.1-10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the alkyl (meth)acrylate, and an amount of emulsifier is 0.01-1.0 part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the alkyl (meth)acrylate; a step of applying a shear force to the mixture to prepare a pre-emulsion, and a step of heating the pre-emulsion to polymerize the resulting mixture by miniemulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A graft copolymer (B-III) includes a rubbery polymer (A-III) that is a miniemulsion polymerization reaction product of an alkyl (meth)acrylate; and at least one monomer selected from aromatic vinyl compounds, (meth)acrylic acid esters, and vinyl cyanide compounds graft-polymerized onto the rubbery polymer (A-III).

Abstract: Provided is a graft copolymer that has an excellent impact-resistance-imparting effect and that can provide a thermoplastic resin composition excellent in weather resistance and color developability. A graft copolymer (C) obtained by graft-polymerizing one or two or more monomers (B), which are selected from (meth)acrylic acid esters, aromatic vinyls, vinyl cyanides, N-substituted maleimides, and maleic acid, onto a composite rubber-like polymer (A), which is obtained by polymerizing a mixture (Ac) containing a polyorganosiloxane (Aa) and an acrylic acid ester (Ab) after forming a miniemulsion in water solvent. A thermoplastic resin composition that contains the graft copolymer (C) and a thermoplastic resin (D).