Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor device, includes mounting on a first substrate a plurality of second substrates at a predetermined interval, the first substrate including a wiring layer, each of the second substrates including a plurality of semiconductor cells separated from each other by a boundary portion, forming a first recess on the first substrate between two of the second substrates that are adjacent to each other, cutting each of the second substrates along the boundary portion thereof to form a gap and a second recess on the first substrate through the gap, forming a sealing member on the first substrate, and cutting the first substrate together with the sealing member along lines extending along and inside the first and second recesses to individualize the semiconductor cells.

Abstract: A heating device includes a rotator, a heater, lubricant, a rotator support, and a cover. The rotator has an internal space inside a loop of the rotator. The rotator has an internal space inside a loop of the rotator. The heater heats the rotator. The lubricant is applied to an inner circumferential surface of the rotator. The rotator support supports an end of the rotator in a longitudinal direction of the rotator. The rotator support has a first opening communicating with the internal space of the rotator and penetrating through the rotator support to extend in the longitudinal direction. The cover covers the first opening and has a second opening communicating between the internal space of the rotator and an external space outside the cover.

Abstract: A heating device includes a rotator, a heater, lubricant applied to the rotator, a rotator support, and a cover. The rotator has an internal space inside a loop of the rotator. The heater heats the rotator. The lubricant is applied to an inner circumferential surface of the rotator. The rotator support supports an end of the rotator in a longitudinal direction of the rotator and has an opening communicating with the internal space of the rotator and penetrating through the rotator support to extend in the longitudinal direction. The cover covers the opening of the rotator support.

Abstract: A heating device includes a rotator having an internal space, a heater heating the rotator, lubricant applied to the rotator, a rotator support supporting the rotator, and a cover. The rotator support has a first opening communicating with the internal space of the rotator, penetrating through the rotator support, and extending in the longitudinal direction. The cover covers the first opening and has a face facing the first opening and a second opening communicating with the internal space of the rotator and an exterior of the cover. The cover maintains a temperature of the face of the cover at 40° C. or higher.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing rotator, a pressure rotator, a planar heater, a holder, a conductor, and a support. The pressure rotator presses the fixing rotator to form a fixing nip between the pressure rotator and the fixing rotator. The planar heater contacts an inner surface of the fixing rotator. The holder holds the heater and guides the fixing rotator. The conductor is grounded and contacts the inner surface of the fixing rotator. The support supports the holder and has a shape of regulating rotation of the conductor.

Abstract: A fixing device detachably attachable to an image forming apparatus includes a housing frame having an open front side in an insertion direction in which the fixing device is inserted into the image forming apparatus. The housing frame includes a support plate, as a back side of the housing frame in the insertion direction, and a pair of side plates extending in the insertion direction. The support plate includes an extension extending beyond one of the pair of side plates. The extension includes an engaged portion to be engaged with an engaging portion of the image forming apparatus when the fixing device is mounted on the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotator, a second rotator, a heater, a nip formation pad, and a separator. The second rotator contacts an outer circumferential surface of the first rotator to form a nip between the first rotator and the second rotator. The heater includes a resistive heat generator to heat the first rotator. The nip formation pad contacts an inner circumferential surface of the first rotator to form the nip. The separator separates a recording medium passing through the nip from the first rotator. The separator includes a separating surface and a contact. The separating surface is separated from the outer circumferential surface of the first rotator and separates the recording medium from the first rotator. The contact contacts the outer circumferential surface of the first rotator at a position where the first rotator is pinchable between the contact and the nip formation pad.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing belt, a planar heater, a pressure rotator, a temperature sensor, and a plate. The pressure rotator presses the planar heater to form a nip through which a sheet is conveyed in a conveyance direction. The plate contacts the planar heater and includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion has an opening and a projection. The temperature sensor contacts the planar heater through the opening to detect a temperature of the planar heater. The projection projects from the opening in the conveyance direction. The first portion has a first width in the conveyance direction. The second portion is inside a minimum sheet-passing region in an axial direction of the pressure rotator orthogonal to the conveyance direction and outside the first portion in the axial direction and has a second width smaller than the first width in the conveyance direction.

Abstract: A frame device includes a body frame and a rotator that rotates in a rotation direction. A first support frame supports one lateral end of the rotator in a longitudinal direction of the rotator. The first support frame includes a first attachment portion that is attached to the body frame. A second support frame supports another lateral end of the rotator in the longitudinal direction of the rotator. The second support frame includes a second attachment portion that is attached to the body frame.

Abstract: A heating device includes a first rotator and a second rotator that contacts the first rotator to form a nip between the first rotator and the second rotator. A heater heats at least one of the first rotator or the second rotator. A first support frame supports one lateral end of the first rotator and the second rotator in a longitudinal direction of the first rotator and the second rotator. A second support frame supports another lateral end of the first rotator and the second rotator in the longitudinal direction of the first rotator and the second rotator. An incompatible member is mounted on the first support frame.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a belt that rotates in a rotation direction and a heater that heats the belt. A conductive member contacts an inner face of the belt and pivots. The conductive member includes one end portion in the rotation direction of the belt, a contact portion that contacts the belt, and an outboard portion that is disposed outboard from the contact portion in the rotation direction of the belt. A holding portion holds the one end portion of the conductive member. A pivot restrictor contacts the outboard portion of the conductive member. The pivot restrictor restricts pivoting of the conductive member about the one end portion of the conductive member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a belt and a holder that holds a heater. A conductive member contacts an inner face of the belt and pivots. The conductive member includes one end portion in a rotation direction of the belt and an opposed portion that abuts on the one end portion. A support supports the holder and presses the conductive member against the holder. The holder includes a holding portion that holds the one end portion of the conductive member, a pivot restrictor that restricts pivoting of the conductive member about the one end portion, and a mount face from which the pivot restrictor projects in a projecting direction. The pivot restrictor projects farther than the opposed portion of the conductive member in the projecting direction of the pivot restrictor in a state in which the support does not press the conductive member against the holder.

Abstract: A nip forming device includes an endless belt that is flexible and rotates and a nip former that is disposed opposite an inner circumferential face of the endless belt. A pressure rotator presses against the nip former via the endless belt to form a nip between the endless belt and the pressure rotator, through which a conveyed object is conveyed. A separator is disposed downstream from the nip in a conveyance direction of the conveyed object. The separator separates the conveyed object from the endless belt. The separator includes a non-contact portion separated from the endless belt and a contact portion that contacts the endless belt. The contact portion retains a gap having a predetermined size between the non-contact portion and the endless belt.

Abstract: A heating device includes a heater, a holder, a device frame, a primary positioner, a secondary positioner, and a tertiary positioner. The heater includes a heat generator. The holder holds the heater. The device frame is configured to support the holder. The primary positioner is configured to position the heater and the holder in a longitudinal direction of the heater. The secondary positioner is configured to position the holder and the device frame in the longitudinal direction of the heater. The tertiary positioner is configured to position the device frame and a body of an image forming apparatus in the longitudinal direction of the heater. The primary positioner and one of the secondary positioner and the tertiary positioner are disposed on an identical side defined by a center of the heat generator in the longitudinal direction of the heater.

Abstract: A heating device includes a planar heater, a heating rotator, a pressure rotator, and one or more charge eliminators. The planar heater includes a base and a resistive heat generator. The heating rotator contacts the heater and includes a conductive layer. The pressure rotator presses the heating rotator and has an outer surface including a conductive material. The one or more charge eliminators contact the conductive layer and the outer surface of the pressure rotator.

Abstract: A nip forming device includes an endless film and a pressure rotator that presses against a heater via the endless film. A driver drives and rotates the pressure rotator to cause the pressure rotator to drive and rotate the endless film. A controller controls the driver to drive and rotate the pressure rotator, based on a temperature of the pressure rotator, that is detected by a detector, in a forward direction to convey a conveyed object and to interrupt forward rotation of the pressure rotator. In response to a determination that the temperature of the pressure rotator is higher than a predetermined temperature when a job of the nip forming device is finished, the controller controls the driver to drive and rotate the pressure rotator for a predetermined time in a backward direction opposite to the forward direction and to interrupt backward rotation of the pressure rotator.

Abstract: A heating device includes a belt, an opposed rotator, a heater, a nip formation pad inside the belt, a holder holding the nip formation pad, a stay supporting the holder. The nip formation pad or the holder includes pad positioning portions and a holder positioning portion. The pad positioning portions includes a first and second pad positioning portions at both ends of the nip formation pad or the holder with respect to a center of the heater, and a third pad positioning portion near the center. The holder positioning portion is nearer to the center than the first or the second pad positioning portion.

Abstract: A heating device includes a planar heater, a rotator, a pressure rotator, a heating device frame, a resistor, and a discharger. The pressure rotator has a conductive outer surface and presses the rotator. The heating device frame holds the pressure rotator. The discharger is in contact with the conductive outer surface of the pressure rotator and grounded via the resistor and the heating device frame.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus including a toner, and a fixing device configured to fix an image formed with the toner on a recording medium. The fixing device includes a fixing belt that is an endless belt, and a planar member configured to heat the fixing belt. An environmental fluctuation rate X is 45% or greater but 85% or less, and the environmental fluctuation rate X is represented by: Environmental fluctuation rate X=(Q1?Q2)/{(Q1+Q2)/2} where Q1 is a quantity of electric charge of the toner in an environment having a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius and relative humidity of 15%, Q2 is a quantity of electric charge of the toner in an environment having a temperature of 27 degrees Celsius and relative humidity of 80%, and a unit for Q1 and Q2 is ?C/g.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a first rotator, a second rotator, a heater, a nip formation pad, and a separator. The second rotator contacts an outer circumferential surface of the first rotator to form a nip between the first rotator and the second rotator. The heater includes a resistive heat generator to heat the first rotator. The nip formation pad contacts an inner circumferential surface of the first rotator to form the nip. The separator separates a recording medium passing through the nip from the first rotator. The separator includes a separating surface and a contact. The separating surface is separated from the outer circumferential surface of the first rotator and separates the recording medium from the first rotator. The contact contacts the outer circumferential surface of the first rotator at a position where the first rotator is pinchable between the contact and the nip formation pad.