Abstract: A method of controlling knocking of an internal combustion engine has, when knocking having a knock judgment threshold value or more is detected, retard-correcting an ignition timing at a predetermined retardation speed, while the knocking is not detected, gradually advancing the ignition timing at a predetermined advance speed so as to approach an MBT point, performing an ignition timing correction for aiming for a first trace-knock state, and when an accelerator opening is a full-open-equivalent opening or more and also for a delay period until a predetermined catalyst protection increasing control is started, performing an ignition timing correction for aiming for a second trace-knock state in which the ignition timing is controlled to a relatively advance side as compared with that in the first trace-knock state.

Abstract: For an in-cylinder direct injection spark ignition internal combustion engine including an intake port provided with a tumble control valve, a startup control method is presented. When a startup of the engine satisfies a predetermined cold start condition requiring a retard operation of the engine for catalyst warmup, a startup process is performed. The startup process includes: closing the tumble control valve; after the closing of the tumble control valve, starting to crank the engine; implementing fuel injection of the engine by a single-injection operation during a time period from an initial cycle of combustion of the engine to an event that the engine rises and reaches a predetermined rotation speed; after the event, shifting from the single-injection operation to a multiple-injection operation; and substantially simultaneously with the shifting to the multiple-injection operation, starting an ignition timing retard.

Abstract: A monitoring system according to the present disclosure includes: an optical fiber (10) configured to sense a peripheral environmental state, a monitor's terminal (40), a receiving unit (20) configured to receive an optical signal containing information indicating the environmental state from the optical fiber (10), a detecting unit (32) configured to detect at least one of an accident and an incident, based on the information indicating the environmental state, being included in the optical signal, and a broadcasting unit (33) configured to broadcast that the accident or the incident has occurred to the monitor's terminal (40) when the detecting unit (32) determines that the accident or the incident has occurred.

Abstract: A detection system according to the present disclosure includes an optical fiber (10X, 10Y) laid in a portable base station area (45) in which a portable base station (40) is installed, a reception unit (20) receiving an optical signal from the optical fiber (10X, 10Y), the optical signal containing information indicating a state of the portable base station area (45), and a detection unit (32) detecting a threat in the portable base station area (45), based on the information indicating a state of the portable base station area (45) being contained in the optical signal.

Abstract: A monitoring system according to the present disclosure includes: an optical fiber (10) configured to sense a peripheral environmental state, a monitor's terminal (40), a receiving unit (20) configured to receive an optical signal containing information indicating the environmental state from the optical fiber (10), a detecting unit (32) configured to detect at least one of an accident and an incident, based on the information indicating the environmental state, being included in the optical signal, and a broadcasting unit (33) configured to broadcast that the accident or the incident has occurred to the monitor's terminal (40) when the detecting unit (32) determines that the accident or the incident has occurred.

Abstract: The present invention inhibits the occurrence of the foreign matters attributable to an adhesive for bonding an injection needle to a needle-base member so as to enhance the yield of a syringe when producing the same. A front-assembly (3) additionally provided at a leading end of an injection cylinder (2) comprises an injection needle (4), a needle-base member (5), a connection hub (6) and a protector cap (7). The injection needle (4) and the needle-base member (5) are fixed to each other with an epoxy adhesive (19). This adhesive (19) contains denatured aliphatic epoxy resin in the amount set to about 10 to about 25 wt % and its viscosity is set to about 20000 to about 40000 mPa·s. This adhesive (19) is heated at a temperature of at least 130 degrees C. for about 20 minutes to cure it. After the front-assembly (3) and the injection cylinder (2) have been sterilized with vapor, the connection hub (6) has a connection portion (17) external fitted and secured to the leading end of the injection cylinder (2).

Abstract: The present invention inhibits the occurrence of the foreign matters attributable to an adhesive for bonding an injection needle to a needle-base member so as to enhance the yield of a syringe when producing the same. A front-assembly (3) additionally provided at a leading end of an injection cylinder (2) comprises an injection needle (4), a needle-base member (5), a connection hub (6) and a protector cap (7). The injection needle (4) and the needle-base member (5) are fixed to each other with an epoxy adhesive (19). This adhesive (19) contains denatured aliphatic epoxy resin in the amount set to about 10 to about 25 wt % and its viscosity is set to about 20000 to about 40000 mPa·s. This adhesive (19) is heated at a temperature of at least 130 degrees C. for about 20 minutes to cure it. After the front-assembly (3) and the injection cylinder (2) have been sterilized with vapor, the connection hub (6) has a connection portion (17) external fitted and secured to the leading end of the injection cylinder (2).