Abstract: A photodiode, comprising: a first photodiode, comprising a p type substrate and a signal output region; a positive electric field providing structure, provided in the P type substrate, configured to receive a positive voltage to provide a positive electric field according to the positive voltage to attract electrons in the P type substrate; wherein an avalanche region is formed when the positive voltage is larger than a threshold voltage, thereby a current path is formed between the signal output region and the positive electric field providing structure. The present invention also discloses an optical sensor comprising pixels with different light sensitivities.

Abstract: A system for forming a steel material includes a first binder, a second binder, a punch and a carrier blank. The first binder and the second binder are configured to form a draw bead shape in the steel material by compressing the steel material between a draw bead protrusion and a draw bead channel. The punch is configured to form the steel material relative to the first binder and the second binder. The carrier blank is positioned on a surface of the steel material and is configured to cover a portion of the draw bead shape during formation of the draw bead shape in the steel material.

Abstract: A rocker panel for use in a vehicle, the rocker panel includes an outboard plate, an inboard plate, and a reinforcement structure. The reinforcement structure is disposed between the inboard plate and the outboard plate. The reinforcement structure includes one or more discrete steel tubes extending longitudinally between the outboard plate and the inboard plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for containing a portion of a vehicle battery assembly incudes a tray. The tray is configured to receive the portion of the vehicle battery assembly. The tray defines a floor, a front wall, a rear wall, and a pair of sidewalls extending from the front wall to the rear wall. The tray includes a first steel material and a second steel material. The first steel material is joined with the second steel material to form a single contiguous part. The first steel material defines a substantial majority of the floor. The second steel material is disposed at two or more corners of the tray.

Abstract: A rocker panel for use in a vehicle, the rocker panel includes an outboard plate, an inboard plate, and a reinforcement structure. The reinforcement structure is disposed between the inboard plate and the outboard plate. The reinforcement structure includes one or more discrete steel tubes extending longitudinally between the outboard plate and the inboard plate.

Abstract: A system for forming a steel material includes a first binder, a second binder, a punch and a carrier blank. The first binder and the second binder are configured to form a draw bead shape in the steel material by compressing the steel material between a draw bead protrusion and a draw bead channel. The punch is configured to form the steel material relative to the first binder and the second binder. The carrier blank is positioned on a surface of the steel material and is configured to cover a portion of the draw bead shape during formation of the draw bead shape in the steel material.

Abstract: A photodiode comprises a substrate, a first collection layer, a first type well layer, a second type well layer and a second collection layer. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface. The substrate defines a bias region and a signal region. The first collection layer, the first type well layer, the first type well layer, the second type well layer, and the second collection layer are formed in the substrate. The first type well layer is disposed between the first surface and the first collection layer. The second type well layer is disposed between the first type well layer and the first collection layer. The second collection layer is located between the first surface and the second well layer.

Abstract: A photodiode, comprising: a first photodiode, comprising a p type substrate and a signal output region; a positive electric field providing structure, provided in the P type substrate, configured to receive a positive voltage to provide a positive electric field according to the positive voltage to attract electrons in the P type substrate; wherein an avalanche region is formed when the positive voltage is larger than a threshold voltage, thereby a current path is formed between the signal output region and the positive electric field providing structure. The present invention also discloses an optical sensor comprising pixels with different light sensitivities.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding method for an optical isolation amplifier including an encoder, an optical driver, a light source, an optical detector, and a decoder, and employing sigma-delta modulation technology is provided. The method includes: generating a plurality of first pulses, each having a predetermined pulse width, through the encoder when an input digital signal experiences an input pulse rising or falling edge; outputting an encoded signal having the plurality of first pulses to the optical driver; driving the light source through the optical driver, according to the plurality of first pulses, so as to output an encoded optical signal; generating a detected signal through the optical detector detecting the encoded optical signal, and the detected signal has a plurality of second pulses; and duplicating the input digital signal of the encoder through the decoder, according to the detected signal having the plurality of second pulses.