Abstract: In a communication method, a first access point (AP) in a first AP multi-link device generates a management frame that includes a capability information field. The capability information field includes first indication information indicating whether a second AP, which is also in the first AP multi-link device, has performed a channel switch. The first AP then sends the management frame to a first station (STA).

Abstract: In a communication method, a first access point (AP) in a first AP multi-link device generates a management frame that includes a capability information field. The capability information field includes first indication information indicating whether a second AP, which is also in the first AP multi-link device, has performed a channel switch. The first AP then sends the management frame to a first station (STA).

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a multi-link device. The method includes: When only one of a plurality of links is successfully established, a first MLD performs air interface transmission with a second MLD according to a single-link communication rule. The plurality of links may be a plurality of links that the first MLD requests to establish, or the plurality of links may be a plurality of links that have been successfully established between the first MLD and the second MLD. According to the solution in this application, when only one of the plurality of links is successfully established, the first MLD does not perform air interface transmission with the second MLD according to a multi-link communication rule. Specifically, an address 2 field carried in a frame over the air that is sent by the first MLD is a MAC address of the first MLD.

Abstract: This application provides communication methods, apparatus and systems. In an example method, a first station (STA) of a station multi-link device (STA MLD) sends a request frame to an access point multi-link device (AP MLD), wherein the request frame is used to request to establish single-link communication, and an address 2 field in the request frame is set to a media access control (MAC) address of the STA MLD. The first STA receives a response frame from the AP MLD, wherein the response frame indicates that the single-link communication is successfully established. The first STA performs air interface transmission with the AP MLD according to the single-link communication.

Abstract: Provided is an electric power safety authentication device, including a front casing, a rear casing, a sealing element, and a fastener connection structure. A sealing groove that matches the sealing element is provided at connection between the front and rear casings. The fastener connection structure comprises a first connector, a second connector, a first fastener, a second fastener, a first spring, and second springs. The first fastener is arranged on the front casing, and the second fastener is arranged on the rear casing. The first fastener and the second fastener each comprise a first clamp and a second clamp. The first connector is fit in and fastened to the first fastener, and the second connector is fit in and fastened to the second fastener.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a multi-link device. The method includes: When only one of a plurality of links is successfully established, a first MLD performs air interface transmission with a second MLD according to a single-link communication rule. The plurality of links may be a plurality of links that the first MLD requests to establish, or the plurality of links may be a plurality of links that have been successfully established between the first MLD and the second MLD. According to the solution in this application, when only one of the plurality of links is successfully established, the first MLD does not perform air interface transmission with the second MLD according to a multi-link communication rule. Specifically, an address 2 field carried in a frame over the air that is sent by the first MLD is a MAC address of the first MLD.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a physical layer protocol data unit transmission method and an apparatus, The method includes: A first communication apparatus may receive a trigger frame that is for indicating a first resource unit allocated to the first communication apparatus, and sends a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU on a part of or all of the first resource unit, where the first resource unit is a resource unit whose quantity of tones is greater than 996; or the first resource unit is a multiple resource unit MRU, and the MRU includes at least one resource unit whose quantity of tones is greater than or equal to 996.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a PPDU transmission method and a related apparatus, improving spectral utilization. The method in embodiments of this application includes: A first device receives a trigger frame from a second device, where the trigger frame indicates a first resource allocated to the first device, the first resource includes N resource subunits, the trigger frame includes first indication information, the first indication information separately indicates whether the first device is allowed to perform TB PPDU transmission on each of the N resource subunits when the first device performs trigger-based physical layer protocol data unit TB PPDU transmission by using some of the N resource subunits, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and the first device sends a TB PPDU to the second device on some of the N resource subunits based on the first indication information.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) receives a first frame from a first access point (AP) when performing a listening operation on a first link. The non-AP MLD switches some or all of spatial streams/antennas on each link of the non-AP MLD to the first link to perform a frame exchange with the first AP. When determining that any preset condition in a preset condition set is met, the non-AP MLD switches some spatial streams/antennas on the first link back to each link or another link to perform the listening operation.

Abstract: This application provides a method for sending data in a wireless network, and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a distributed RU allocated to the first device, where the distributed RU includes data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers, all subcarriers of one distributed RU are distributed on a first frequency band, a size of the first frequency band is 20 MHz, the first frequency band includes a maximum of 18 pilot subcarriers that are disposed at an interval, a quantity of pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU is greater than or equal to 2, and at least two pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU are spaced by at least M pilot subcarriers; and the first device sends a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU on the distributed RU.

Abstract: This application provides a pilot signal transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a first frequency band to which a discrete RU allocated to the first device belongs; and the first device sends a first pilot signal of the first device to a second device on all pilot subcarriers included in the first frequency band. According to embodiments of this application, problems such as narrowband interference and frequency selective fading are avoided, and pilot signal transmission reliability is improved.

Abstract: This application provides a method and an apparatus for sending a physical layer protocol data unit, and a method and an apparatus for receiving a physical layer protocol data unit. The method includes: generating a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU; and sending the PPDU on one or more discrete resource units RUs, where the discrete RU includes a plurality of subcarriers that are discrete in frequency domain. The subcarriers in the discrete RU provided in embodiments are discontiguous, and transmit power of discrete subcarriers increases, so that a transmitting device can transmit the PPDU at higher transmit power. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11 family of protocols such as 802.11be or EHT.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method and device, a storage medium, and a program product. According to the communication method of this disclosure, a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) is transmitted or received based on a tone plan of a first bandwidth. The tone plan includes a physical resource unit (PRU), and the PRU includes discrete subcarriers. According to embodiments of this disclosure, an original nominal RU is processed to obtain a PRU including discrete subcarriers. Discretized subcarriers of the PRU may be evenly distributed on a larger bandwidth without changing subcarrier division of the original nominal RU. When it is ensured that a large PAPR is not generated in data transmission due to discrete subcarriers, a transmit end can perform communication at a high transmit power.

Abstract: This application provides a resource indication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. In the method, the first communication apparatus may receive resource indication information. The resource indication information may include resource unit allocation information for indicating one or more first VRUs, and station information of a station to which the one or more first VRUs are allocated. There is a mapping relationship between the first PRU and the first VRU. The first communication apparatus transmits data on the first PRU.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: A method includes: A station receives a trigger frame from an access point. The trigger frame is used to trigger the station to perform EHT TB PPDU transmission, the trigger frame further indicates a resource unit allocated to the station, and the trigger frame includes first indication information indicating that the station can perform EHT TB PPDU transmission on a portion of the allocated resource unit. The station sends an EHT TB PPDU based on an indication of the first indication information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device, a management frame, where the management frame includes a receiver address, a transmitter address, and link indication information, and the link indication information indicates that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on a link on which a station indicated by the receiver address or a station indicated by the transmitter address operates.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to obtain a link set/link sets to which a link/links belongs/belong, and may be applied to a Wi-Fi system. The method includes: generating, by a first multi-link device MLD, a first frame, and sending the first frame. The first frame includes a first field, the first field indicates a relationship between a first link and at least one link set, the first link is any one of at least one link established between the first MLD and a second MLD, and the link set includes one or more of the at least one link.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: transmitting, by a second station in a second multi-link device, a first frame to a first station in a first multi-link device, where the first frame is used to request to tear down a TWT agreement for a first link, and the first link is any link in one or more links for which a TWT agreement is set up between the first multi-link device and the second multi-link device; and transmitting, by the first station, a second frame to the second station in response to the first frame. The first station may be any station, and is not limited to a station requesting to set up the TWT agreement.

Abstract: The technology of this disclosure relates to a signal modulating method, a signal demodulating method, a device, a storage medium, and a program product. In the signal modulating method according to a first aspect of this disclosure, a sending device modulates a bit sequence onto a plurality of subcarriers through binary phase shift keying (BPSK) constellation point mapping, dual carrier modulation (DCM), and a duplication (DUP) operation, where the plurality of subcarriers include a first group of subcarriers and a second group of subcarriers. Then, the sending device changes a phase of first data carried in the first group of subcarriers by 90 degrees or minus 90 degrees, and further generates a modulation signal based on the first data that is carried in the first group of subcarriers and whose phase has been changed and second data carried in the second group of subcarriers.