Abstract: A coating method for a cationic electrodeposition coating material includes steps for immersing a metal object to be coated in a first solution bath, a second solution bath and a third solution bath, and wherein: at least one step among the three steps is cationic electrodeposition coating that is accompanied by application of a current; a coating film which is formed through the three steps contains at least a base resin component (A), a reaction component (B) and a catalyst (C); and the first solution bath, the second solution bath and the third solution bath contain one or a combination of two of the base resin component (A), the reaction component (B) and the catalyst (C).

Abstract: The method includes placing a block-shaped second resin on a backside of a composite sheet within outer edges, the composite sheet being made up of a plurality of stacked fiber sheets impregnated with a first resin and pressing the composite sheet and the second resin by a heated mold, to produce a resin molded article having the composite sheet embedded in a part of a surface of a resin layer of the second resin that extends to sides of the composite sheet. The composite sheet is formed such that a first fiber sheet of the plurality of fiber sheets positioned closest to a front side of the composite sheet is larger than other fiber sheets and covers the other fiber sheets entirely from the front side, when placed inside the mold.

Abstract: Provided is a carbonate ester purification apparatus including a treatment part for mixing a first solution containing a carbonate ester and an acidic substance with an alcohol solution of a metal alcoholate to obtain a mixed solution containing a reaction product of the acidic substance and the metal alcoholate, a separation part for removing a metal salt contained in the reaction product from the mixed solution to obtain a second solution, and a distillation part for removing a component from the second solution, the component different in boiling point from the carbonate ester to obtain a carbonate ester solution, wherein a content of the metal alcoholate in the alcohol solution is 5 to 18 mass %.

Abstract: A carbonate ester purification apparatus including a first distillation column in which an alcohol and a first solution containing a carbonate ester and formaldehyde, or a first solution containing a carbonate ester, formaldehyde and an alcohol is supplied to obtain a distillate containing the formaldehyde and the alcohol from a column top part while obtaining a carbonate ester solution with a lower content of formaldehyde than in the first solution from a column bottom part, a reactor having a catalyst for producing an acetal and/or a hemiacetal by reacting the formaldehyde to the alcohol and a reflux part refluxing a fluid containing the acetal and/or the hemiacetal to the first distillation column.

Abstract: Provided is a carbonate ester purification apparatus including a treatment part for mixing a first solution containing a carbonate ester and an acidic substance with an alcohol solution of a metal alcoholate to obtain a mixed solution containing a reaction product of the acidic substance and the metal alcoholate, a separation part for removing a metal salt contained in the reaction product from the mixed solution to obtain a second solution, and a distillation part for removing a component from the second solution, the component different in boiling point from the carbonate ester to obtain a carbonate ester solution, wherein a content of the metal alcoholate in the alcohol solution is 5 to 18 mass %.

Abstract: The infrared gas analysis device includes: a measurement cell to allow a sample gas containing a component to be measured to flow therethrough; a comparison cell including a reference gas; a pair of light sources provided in one end side of the measurement cell and the comparison cell, the cells being irradiated with an infrared ray from one and the other of the light sources, respectively; and a detection unit provided in another end side of the measurement cell and the comparison cell to detect the component to be measured by using infrared rays output from the measurement cell and the comparison cell. A gas for detection made of a component different from the component to be measured and having an infrared absorption band at at least a part of wavenumbers in infrared absorption bands of the component to be measured is encapsulated in the detection unit.

Abstract: A carbonate ester purification apparatus including a first distillation column in which an alcohol and a first solution containing a carbonate ester and formaldehyde, or a first solution containing a carbonate ester, formaldehyde and an alcohol is supplied to obtain a distillate containing the formaldehyde and the alcohol from a column top part while obtaining a carbonate ester solution with a lower content of formaldehyde than in the first solution from a column bottom part, a reactor having a catalyst for producing an acetal and/or a hemiacetal by reacting the formaldehyde to the alcohol and a reflux part refluxing a fluid containing the acetal and/or the hemiacetal to the first distillation column.

Abstract: Provided is a production device including: a first reactor to form a second gas containing an ester and nitric oxide from a first gas containing carbon monoxide, a nitrite, and nitric oxide; an absorption column to separate the second gas and an absorbing solution into a condensate containing the ester and a noncondensable gas; a second reactor to introduce an alcohol, the noncondensable gas, and oxygen gas thereinto to form a third gas containing nitric oxide and a nitrite; a third reactor to form a fourth gas containing a nitrite from the noncondensable gas and a bottom liquid from the second reactor and to feed the fourth gas to the second reactor; a first measurement unit to measure the concentration of a nitrite in the first gas; and a first flow rate-adjusting unit to adjust the amount of the noncondensable gas to the third reactor based on the concentration.

Abstract: Provided is a production device including: a first reactor to form a second gas containing an ester and nitric oxide from a first gas containing carbon monoxide, a nitrite, and nitric oxide; an absorption column to separate the second gas and an absorbing solution into a condensate containing the ester and a noncondensable gas; a second reactor to introduce an alcohol, the noncondensable gas, and oxygen gas thereinto to form a third gas containing nitric oxide and a nitrite; a third reactor to form a fourth gas containing a nitrite from the noncondensable gas and a bottom liquid from the second reactor and to feed the fourth gas to the second reactor; a first measurement unit to measure the concentration of a nitrite in the first gas; and a first flow rate-adjusting unit to adjust the amount of the noncondensable gas to the third reactor based on the concentration.

Abstract: The infrared gas analysis device includes: a measurement cell to allow a sample gas containing a component to be measured to flow therethrough; a comparison cell including a reference gas; a pair of light sources provided in one end side of the measurement cell and the comparison cell, the cells being irradiated with an infrared ray from one and the other of the light sources, respectively; and a detection unit provided in another end side of the measurement cell and the comparison cell to detect the component to be measured by using infrared rays output from the measurement cell and the comparison cell. A gas for detection made of a component different from the component to be measured and having an infrared absorption band at at least a part of wavenumbers in infrared absorption bands of the component to be measured is encapsulated in the detection unit.

Abstract: A method for producing nitrous acid ester in which nitric oxide, oxygen, and an alcohol are reacted, thereby generating nitrous acid ester includes a step of generating nitrous acid ester by supplying a bottom liquid from a bottom part of the reaction column, and nitric oxide and/or carbon monoxide, a step of supplying nitrous acid ester to the reaction column; a step of supplying a reaction liquid containing water, nitric acid, and the alcohol to a nitric acid condensing column from the reactor; and a step of separating a low-boiling point component by distillation from the reaction liquid under control of a concentration of the alcohol in a condensed liquid being generated at a bottom part of the nitric acid condensing column to be less than 4.0% by weight so as to introduce the condensed liquid into the reactor from the nitric acid condensing column.

Abstract: A method for producing nitrous acid ester in which nitric oxide, oxygen, and an alcohol are reacted, thereby generating nitrous acid ester includes a step of generating nitrous acid ester by supplying a bottom liquid from a bottom part of the reaction column, and nitric oxide and/or carbon monoxide, a step of supplying nitrous acid ester to the reaction column; a step of supplying a reaction liquid containing water, nitric acid, and the alcohol to a nitric acid condensing column from the reactor; and a step of separating a low-boiling point component by distillation from the reaction liquid under control of a concentration of the alcohol in a condensed liquid being generated at a bottom part of the nitric acid condensing column to be less than 4.0% by weight so as to introduce the condensed liquid into the reactor from the nitric acid condensing column.