Abstract: A sole includes: a sole body; an elastic portion disposed adjacent to the sole body; a surrounding member that surrounds the elastic portion, and a pressing member. Tensile rigidity of the surrounding member in a thickness direction is higher than compression rigidity of the elastic portion in the thickness direction and higher than compression rigidity of the surrounding member in the thickness direction. An uncompressed thickness of the elastic portion in an uncompressed state is larger than an initial thickness of the surrounding member in an initial state. A reference thickness of the elastic portion and the surrounding member in an unloaded state is smaller than the uncompressed thickness of the elastic portion and larger than the initial thickness of the surrounding member.

Abstract: To provide a cloud observation system, a method, and a computer-readable recording medium capable of observing clouds at night by a camera. Cloud observation system provides an acquisition unit that acquires a sky image taken by a camera that contain the sky, a threshold determination unit that determines a threshold value based on a plurality of pixel values of a plurality of edges in the sky image and a cloud determination unit that determines a pixel indicating a cloud from a plurality of pixels constituting the sky image based on the threshold value and the plurality of pixel values in the sky image.

Abstract: A water vapor observation device includes a water vapor index acquisition module which acquires a water vapor index calculated based on radio wave intensities of at least two frequencies out of radio waves received by a microwave radiometer, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precipitable water vapor acquisition module which acquires a GNSS precipitable water amount calculated based on an atmospheric delay of a GNSS signal received by a GNSS receiver, a correlation data generation module which generates correlation data between the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount based on the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount at a plurality of time points during a predetermined period, and a precipitable water vapor calculation module which calculates a precipitable water amount based on the correlation data from the water vapor index obtained based on the microwave radiometer.

Abstract: A visibility determination system determines a visibility condition based on an image taken by a camera. The visibility determination system includes: an acquisition part, configured to acquire a first extracted image obtained by extracting an edge of an imaging target in a first image taken by the camera; and a determination part, configured to determine visibility based on the first extracted image and a second extracted image that is obtained by extracting the edge of the imaging target in a second image taken by the camera at a different time from the first image.

Abstract: Provided are a stainless steel sheet with good corrosion resistance, low contact resistance and good press workability without the use of expensive materials such as gold or rare metals, and a method of manufacture the same. A method of manufacturing a stainless steel sheet includes: preparing a slab having a chemical composition including, in mass %: 20 to 26% Cr, up to 0.1% N, up to 2.0% Si, etc. (step S1); performing hot rolling and cold rolling on the slab to produce a rolled steel sheet with a thickness of 50 to 200 ?m (step S2); an annealing step in which the rolled steel sheet is annealed and cooled in a gas atmosphere containing nitrogen (step S3); and pickling the rolled steel sheet after the annealing step with a solution containing a non-oxidizing acid (step S4). The stainless steel sheet has an N content of 0.6 to 2.0% by mass.

Abstract: An imaging processing device includes an image acquisition module configured to acquire an image obtained by photographing the sky with a camera having a known orientation or slant; a time stamp acquisition module configured to acquire a photographing date and time of the image; a photographing position acquisition module configured to acquire position information of a photographing position of the image; a sun position determination module configured to determine a photographed sun position in the image; a reference sun position acquisition module configured to calculate a reference sun position indicating a sun position determined based on the photographing date and time and the position information; and a camera information identification module configured to determine any one of unknown orientation and slant of the camera based on any one of the known orientation and slant of the camera, the photographed sun position, and the reference sun position.

Abstract: A water vapor observation device includes a water vapor index acquisition module which acquires a water vapor index calculated based on radio wave intensities of at least two frequencies out of radio waves received by a microwave radiometer, a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precipitable water vapor acquisition module which acquires a GNSS precipitable water amount calculated based on an atmospheric delay of a GNSS signal received by a GNSS receiver, a correlation data generation module which generates correlation data between the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount based on the water vapor index and the GNSS precipitable water amount at a plurality of time points during a predetermined period, and a precipitable water vapor calculation module which calculates a precipitable water amount based on the correlation data from the water vapor index obtained based on the microwave radiometer.

Abstract: To provide a cloud observation device capable of reducing calculation cost and predicting sunshine probability by a simple method. A cloud observation device includes an image acquisition module which acquires an image in which a camera photographs the sky, a cloud extraction module which extracts clouds in the image, a sun position determination module which determines a sun position in the image, a sunshine probability calculation area setting module which sets a sunshine probability calculation area having the sun position as a base point in the image, and a sunshine probability calculation module which calculates a sunshine probability after a predetermined time has elapsed based on the sunshine probability calculation area and the extracted clouds.

Abstract: A cloud observation system is provided to appropriately specify the position and altitude of clouds. A cloud observation device includes, an acquisition module configured to acquire whole sky images imaged by whole sky cameras arranged at two positions different from each other with known positional relationships, a cloud distribution data generation module configured to generate cloud distribution data representing the distribution of clouds for each whole sky image, a scale determination module configured to enlarge or reduce the cloud distribution data to determine the scale on which clouds in the respective cloud distribution data existing in the evaluation target region of the state where the known positional relationships are maintained, and mostly overlap with each other, and a target cloud determination module configured to determine a target cloud from the clouds included in the respective cloud distribution data which are enlarged or reduced based on the scale.

Abstract: A titanium material includes a base material made of pure titanium or a titanium alloy; and a carbon layer covering a surface of the base material. The carbon layer includes non-graphitizable carbon, and has an R value (I1350/I1590) of 2.0 or more and 3.5 or less in the Raman spectroscopy using laser having a wavelength of 532 nm. Where I1350 is peak intensity at a wave number of around 1.35×105 m?1 in a Raman spectrum, and I1590 is peak intensity at a wave number of around 1.59×105 m?1 in a Raman spectrum. According to this titanium material, it is possible to realize low contact resistance by the carbon layer. Moreover, this titanium material is not susceptible to surface oxidation and capable of maintaining low contact resistance even when exposed to noble potential.

Abstract: Provided are a stainless steel sheet with good corrosion resistance, low contact resistance and good press workability without the use of expensive materials such as gold or rare metals, and a method of manufacture the same. A method of manufacturing a stainless steel sheet includes: preparing a slab having a chemical composition including, in mass %: 20 to 26% Cr, up to 0.1% N, up to 2.0% Si, etc. (step S1); performing hot rolling and cold rolling on the slab to produce a rolled steel sheet with a thickness of 50 to 200 ?m (step S2); an annealing step in which the rolled steel sheet is annealed and cooled in a gas atmosphere containing nitrogen (step S3); and pickling the rolled steel sheet after the annealing step with a solution containing a non-oxidizing acid (step S4). The stainless steel sheet has an N content of 0.6 to 2.0% by mass.

Abstract: A vehicle control device is provided. The device includes a target bearing calculating module configured to calculate a target bearing of a vehicle based on a direction of a disturbance, a stern bearing calculating module configured to calculate a stern bearing, and a rudder mechanism drive signal determining module configured to determine a rudder angle command so that the stern bearing approaches the target bearing, and determine a rudder mechanism drive signal based on the rudder angle command.

Abstract: A titanium alloy contains 0.01 to 0.15% by mass of at least one of platinum group elements in total, and the balance being titanium, oxygen, and impurities, wherein, the titanium alloy includes particles of a compound that is made up of at least one of the platinum group elements, titanium, and oxygen, an average size of the particles on a surface of the titanium alloy is 1 ?m or smaller, and a number density of the particles on the surface of the titanium alloy is 25/1000 ?m2 or more. This titanium alloy has a high corrosion resistance and capable of keeping a low contact resistance in comparison with conventional titanium alloys having an equivalent platinum group element content.

Abstract: A vehicle control device is provided. The device includes a target bearing calculating module configured to calculate a target bearing of a vehicle based on a direction of a disturbance, a stern bearing calculating module configured to calculate a stern bearing, and a rudder mechanism drive signal determining module configured to determine a rudder angle command so that the stern bearing approaches the target bearing, and determine a rudder mechanism drive signal based on the rudder angle command.