Abstract: The present invention belongs to the electrochemical field. Specifically, the present invention relates to a charge and discharge lithium battery having high energy density. The lithium battery consists of a separator, a cathode, an anode and an electrolyte, wherein the separator is a solid and allows lithium ions to reversibly pass through; the cathode is made of metal lithium or an alloy of lithium; the electrolyte at the cathode side is a common organic electrolyte, a polymer electrolyte, or an ionic liquid electrolyte, or a mixture thereof; the anode is an anode material commonly used in a lithium ion battery; the electrolyte at the anode side is an aqueous solution or a hydrogel electrolyte containing lithium salt. The energy density of the charge and discharge lithium battery is higher than the energy density of the traditional lithium ion battery by at least 30%. The charge and discharge lithium battery having high energy density can be used for storage and discharge of electric power.