Abstract: Particulate catalytic cracking catalysts which comprise a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, added silica, a magnesium salt, an alumina containing binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: A rare earth free particulate catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, an acidified silica sol binder, magnesium salt, clay and a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved hydrogen and coke selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite and peptized alumina. The invention comprises adding a yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with the peptized alumina. The yttrium compound can be added to the zeolite via exchange of yttrium onto the zeolite prior to addition of peptized alumina, or the yttrium can be added as a soluble salt during the combination of the zeolite and peptized alumina. In either embodiment, the zeolite catalyst is then formed from the zeolite, yttrium and peptized alumina, optionally containing other inorganic oxide. This invention is suitable for preparing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing an improved catalyst comprising a clay derived zeolite. In particular, the invention comprises combining an yttrium compound with a zeolite produced by treating clay with a silica source and under alkaline conditions. The clay derived zeolite can be further combined with conventional matrix and/or binder precursors to form particulates suitable for use as catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). Alternatively, the clay that is treated with the silica source and alkaline conditions can be in particulate form having sizes suitable for use in FCC, and the zeolite is produced in situ within the particulate. Yttrium compound is then combined with the zeolite in the particulate, e.g., via impregnation. It has been shown that the addition of the yttrium compound improves zeolite surface area retention, and zeolite stability in catalysts comprising clay derived zeolites.

Abstract: A rare earth free, ultra low soda, particulate fluid catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a reduced soda zeolite having fluid catalytic cracking ability under fluid catalytic cracking conditions, a magnesium salt, an inorganic binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst is useful in a fluid catalytic cracking process to provide increased catalytic activity, and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions and processes for cracking hydrocarbons to maximize light olefins production are disclosed. Catalyst compositions comprise at least one zeolite having catalytic cracking activity under catalytic cracking conditions, preferably Y-type zeolite, which zeolite has low amounts of yttrium in specified ratios to rare earth metals exchanged on the zeolite. Catalyst and processes of the invention provide increased yields of light olefins and gasoline olefins during a FCC process as compared to conventional lanthanum containing Y-type zeolite FCC catalysts.

Abstract: Tungsten carbide catalysts are used in preparation of ethylene glycol by hydrogenating degradation of cellulose. The catalyst includes tungsten carbide as main catalytic active component, added with small amount of one or more transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and copper as the second metal, supported on one or more porous complex supports such as active carbon, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, for conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. The catalyst realizes high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield in the conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol at the temperature of 120-300° C., hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa, and hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the existing industrial synthetic method of ethylene glycol using ethylene as feedstock, the invention has the advantages of using renewable raw material resources, environment friendly process, and excellent atom economy.

Abstract: Particulate catalytic cracking catalysts which comprise a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, added silica, a magnesium salt, an alumina containing binder, clay and optionally, a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved coke and hydrogen selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: A rare earth free particulate catalytic cracking catalyst which comprises a zeolite having catalytic cracking ability under catalytic cracking conditions, an acidified silica sol binder, magnesium salt, clay and a matrix material. The catalytic cracking catalyst has a high matrix surface area and is useful in a catalytic cracking process, in particularly, a fluid catalytic cracking process, to provide increased catalytic activity and improved hydrogen and coke selectivity without the need to incorporate rare earth metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite having a relatively high content of sodium of 18.6 ?g Na2O per zeolite surface area, or greater. The invention comprises adding yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with precursors for catalyst matrix. This invention is suitable for preparing zeolite containing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing a catalyst from zeolite and peptized alumina. The invention comprises adding a yttrium compound to the zeolite, either prior to, during, or after its combination with the peptized alumina. The yttrium compound can be added to the zeolite via exchange of yttrium onto the zeolite prior to addition of peptized alumina, or the yttrium can be added as a soluble salt during the combination of the zeolite and peptized alumina. In either embodiment, the zeolite catalyst is then formed from the zeolite, yttrium and peptized alumina, optionally containing other inorganic oxide. This invention is suitable for preparing fluid cracking catalysts.

Abstract: Catalytic cracking catalyst compositions and processes for cracking hydrocarbons to maximize light olefins production are disclosed. Catalyst compositions comprise at least one zeolite having catalytic cracking activity under catalytic cracking conditions, preferably Y-type zeolite, which zeolite has low amounts of yttrium in specified ratios to rare earth metals exchanged on the zeolite. Catalyst and processes of the invention provide increased yields of light olefins and gasoline olefins during a FCC process as compared to conventional lanthanum containing Y-type zeolite FCC catalysts.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process of preparing an improved catalyst comprising a clay derived zeolite. In particular, the invention comprises combining an yttrium compound with a zeolite produced by treating clay with a silica source and under alkaline conditions. The clay derived zeolite can be further combined with conventional matrix and/or binder precursors to form particulates suitable for use as catalysts in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC). Alternatively, the clay that is treated with the silica source and alkaline conditions can be in particulate form having sizes suitable for use in FCC, and the zeolite is produced in situ within the particulate. Yttrium compound is then combined with the zeolite in the particulate, e.g., via impregnation. It has been shown that the addition of the yttrium compound improves zeolite surface area retention, and zeolite stability in catalysts comprising clay derived zeolites.

Abstract: Tungsten carbide catalysts are used in preparation of ethylene glycol by hydrogenating degradation of cellulose. The catalyst includes tungsten carbide as main catalytic active component, added with small amount of one or more transition metals such as nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and copper as the second metal, supported on one or more porous complex supports such as active carbon, alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide, for conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol. The catalyst realizes high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield in the conversion of cellulose to ethylene glycol at the temperature of 120-300° C., hydrogen pressure of 1-10 MPa, and hydrothermal conditions. Compared to the existing industrial synthetic method of ethylene glycol using ethylene as feedstock, the invention has the advantages of using renewable raw material resources, environment friendly process, and excellent atom economy.

Abstract: This invention comprises USY zeolite prepared by treating a USY zeolite under hydrothermal conditions after forming the USY zeolite from heat treating ammonium exchanged zeolite Y, e g, by calcination. When this invention is used in a FCC catalyst, a significant improvement of activity and selectivity in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) performance is observed, compared to FCC catalysts containing conventional USY zeolite. The process used to make the invention is efficient and comprises treating the USY zeolite in an exchange bath under the aforementioned hydrothermal conditions. The surface of the resulting USY zeolite has a molar ratio of alumina to silica that is higher than that seen in the bulk USY zeolite and has a unique structure as viewed by SEM and TEM.

Abstract: A method for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose uses the cellulose as the feed for the reaction. The cellulose conversion is performed over catalysts which are composed of the metallic state, carbides, nitrides, or phosiphides of molybdenum or tungsten, and metallic cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum of the group 8, 9, or 10 transition metals. The catalytic conversion of cellulose is conducted at 120 to 300° C. and hydrogen pressure 1 to 12 MPa under the hydrothermal conditions to achieve the high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield of ethylene glycol. Compared to the existing method of preparing ethylene glycol from ethylene, the method, using the renewable raw material for the reaction, is friendly to the environment, and has high atom economy.

Abstract: A method for preparing ethylene glycol from cellulose uses the cellulose as the feed for the reaction. The cellulose conversion is performed over catalysts which are composed of the metallic state, carbides, nitrides, or phosiphides of molybdenum or tungsten, and metallic cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium, and platinum of the group 8, 9, or 10 transition metals. The catalytic conversion of cellulose is conducted at 120 to 300° C. and hydrogen pressure 1 to 12 MPa under the hydrothermal conditions to achieve the high efficiency, high selectivity, and high yield of ethylene glycol. Compared to the existing method of preparing ethylene glycol from ethylene, the method, using the renewable raw material for the reaction, is friendly to the environment, and has high atom economy.