Abstract: Disclosed is a water level monitoring method based on cluster partition and scale recognition. The water level monitoring method comprises the following steps: 1) obtaining an original image at time t from a real-time monitoring video; 2) intercepting a water gauge area in the original image, and marking an end of the water gauge as a position of the water level; 3) binarizing an image of the water gauge area, and dividing the image of water gauge area processed by a cluster method into several subsections according to three sides of symbol “E”; 4) recognizing a content of each subsections, and obtaining a numerical value in a last subsection containing numbers prior to an area where the water level is located; and 5) calculating and displaying the water level according to the height of the subsections and the numerical value obtained in step 4).

Abstract: An oil-based mud formation imaging tool for measuring electrical properties of surrounding formation includes at least one base plate, a first port and a second port deployed on the base plate, surface conductors covering both sides of the base plate, and inside conductors deployed in the first port and the second ports and with gaps from the edges of the first and second ports. The first port is fed with electromagnetic signals by a waveguide and a coupling is formed between the imaging tool and the surrounding formation accordingly. Resonance signals are induced at the second port to be used to compute corresponding formation resistivity and dielectric constant. A corresponding imaging method is also provided.

Abstract: A rotary steerable drilling tool with an electromagnetic steering system can include a drill collar, a bit shaft, an orientation control module, a mud tube, a mud tube coupler, a universal joint, a mud sealing device, and a drill bit. The bit shaft can be mechanically coupled to the drill collar through the universal joint and the orientation control module and rotate about the universal joint. The orientation and the inclination angle of the bit shaft against the drill collar can be controlled by the orientation control module with the electromagnetic steering system. The orientation control module can include a guide track mounted on the inside wall of the drill collar, arrays of electromagnets mounted on the guide track, a positioning frame, a permanent magnet mounted on the positioning frame, a coupling tube, and at least two bearing wheels. A corresponding electromagnetic steering method is also provided.

Abstract: A rotary steerable drilling tool with an electromagnetic steering system can include a drill collar, a bit shaft, an orientation control module, a mud tube, a mud tube coupler, a universal joint, a mud sealing device, and a drill bit. The bit shaft can be mechanically coupled to the drill collar through the universal joint and the orientation control module and rotate about the universal joint. The orientation and the inclination angle of the bit shaft against the drill collar can be controlled by the orientation control module with the electromagnetic steering system. The orientation control module can include a guide track mounted on the inside wall of the drill collar, arrays of electromagnets mounted on the guide track, a positioning frame, a permanent magnet mounted on the positioning frame, a coupling tube, and at least two bearing wheels. A corresponding electromagnetic steering method is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for making resistivity measurements near a drill bit includes a tool body, a transmitter deployed on the tool body, a receiver deployed on the tool body and at an axial distance from the transmitter, and a transmitting signal coupler coupled to the transmitter antenna and the receiver. The transmitter generates electrical signals and converts the electrical signals into electromagnetic signals to be transmitted. The receiver measures the amplitudes and phases of the electromagnetic signals received from the transmitter. The transmitting signal coupler couples a portion of the electrical signals from the transmitter antenna and measures the amplitudes and phases of the coupled electrical signals. Amplitude attenuation and phase shift between the electromagnetic signals received at the receiver and the electrical signals coupled at the transmitting signal coupler are computed for calculating resistivity.

Abstract: An apparatus for making formation resistivity measurements near a drill bit includes a tool body, a toroidal antenna deployed on the tool body near the drill bit, a coupler coupled to the toroidal antenna, a transmitter circuit coupled with the toroidal antenna via the coupler to provide voltage signals to energize the toroidal antenna, a receiver circuit coupled with the toroidal antenna via the coupler to couple electrical current signals flowing in the toroidal antenna to the receiver circuit, and a controller and processor module coupled to the transmitter circuit and the receiver circuit to control the measurement operation and calculate formation resistivity. Formation resistivity is computed based on the voltage signals to energize the toroidal antenna and the measured electrical current signals flowing in the toroidal antenna. A corresponding method for making formation resistivity measurements near a drill bit is also provided.

Abstract: An oil-based mud formation imaging tool for measuring electrical properties of surrounding formation includes at least one base plate, a first port and a second port deployed on the base plate, surface conductors covering both sides of the base plate, and inside conductors deployed in the first port and the second ports and with gaps from the edges of the first and second ports. The first port is fed with electromagnetic signals by a waveguide and a coupling is formed between the imaging tool and the surrounding formation accordingly. Resonance signals are induced at the second port to be used to compute corresponding formation resistivity and dielectric constant. A corresponding imaging method is also provided.

Abstract: A correction method for resistivity measurements of formation surrounding a borehole includes deploying a logging tool in the borehole and having a standoff in between the logging tool and the wall of the borehole, measuring a total current entering into the pair of current electrodes, computing a leakage current in the sensor pad caused by an internal capacitive impedance between the pair of current electrodes and the main body of the sensor pad, computing a measuring current to enter into the formation for the resistivity measurements by subtracting the leakage current from the total current, computing an external capacitive impedance between the current electrodes and the formation, utilizing a pre-built chart to obtain a geometric factor based on the external capacitive impedance, and computing resistivity of the formation based on the geometric factor.

Abstract: A rotary steerable drilling tool with an electromagnetic steering system can include a drill collar, a bit shaft, an orientation control module, a mud tube, a mud tube coupler, a universal joint, a mud sealing device, and a drill bit. The bit shaft can be mechanically coupled to the drill collar through the universal joint and the orientation control module and rotate about the universal joint. The orientation and the inclination angle of the bit shaft against the drill collar can be controlled by the orientation control module with the electromagnetic steering system. The orientation control module can include a guide track mounted on the inside wall of the drill collar, arrays of electromagnets mounted on the guide track, a positioning frame, a permanent magnet mounted on the positioning frame, a coupling tube, and at least two bearing wheels. A corresponding electromagnetic steering method is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for utilizing a pre-existing telemetry transmitter near a drill bit for transmitting or receiving signals to make measurements of surrounding formation resistivity includes a drill collar, at least two toroidal receiving antennas deployed on the drill collar and spaced at an axial distance from each other for receiving or transmitting signals from or to the telemetry transmitter, at least two receiver modules coupled to the toroidal receiving antennas for processing signals received or to be transmitted from or to the telemetry transmitter and adjusting frequency the receiver modules work at, and a converting module coupled to the receiver modules. The converting module includes a microprocessor for calculating the surrounding formation resistivity and controlling the frequency tuners in the receiver modules.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring formation resistivity in logging while drilling application includes a tool body, a pair of receivers deployed on the tool body including a first receiver and a second receiver, a measuring transmitter deployed on the tool body and at an axial distance from the pair of receivers, and a compensating transmitter deployed on the tool body and positioned substantially at the midpoint of the pair of receivers. The compensating transmitter transmits compensating signals to the pair of receivers and the measuring transmitter transmits measuring signals to the pair of receivers. The pair of receivers measures the amplitudes and phases of the compensating signals and the measuring signals in a sequential order and computes a compensated amplitude ratio and a compensated differential phase accordingly. A corresponding method for measuring formation resistivity is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring formation resistivity includes a tool body and multiple transceivers deployed on the tool body. Each transceiver includes a switch to control the transceiver to switch between a transmitter mode and a receiver mode. At least one transceiver acting in the transmitter mode transmits compensating signals. At least one transceiver acting in the transmitter mode transmits measuring signals. At least a pair of transceivers acting in the receiver mode which are positioned on two sides of the transceiver transmitting compensating signals and substantially symmetrical with respect to it receives the compensating signals and the measuring signals. The pair of transceivers acting in the receiver mode measures the amplitudes and phases of the compensating signals and the measuring signals in a sequential order and computes a compensated amplitude ratio and a compensated differential phase accordingly. A corresponding method for measuring formation resistivity is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring formation resistivity and dielectric constant used with a logging tool includes a tool pad coupled to the logging tool, a pair of receivers deployed on the tool pad including a first receiver and a second receiver, a measuring transmitter deployed on the tool pad and at an axial distance from the pair of receivers, and a compensating transmitter deployed on the tool pad and positioned substantially at the midpoint of the pair of receivers. The compensating transmitter transmits compensating signals to the pair of receivers and the measuring transmitter transmits measuring signals to the pair of receivers. The pair of receivers measures the amplitudes and phases of the compensating signals and the measuring signals in a sequential order and computes a compensated amplitude ratio and a compensated differential phase accordingly. A corresponding method for measuring formation resistivity and dielectric constant is also provided.