Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to measuring thermal properties. At least one embodiment includes a method including heating a location of an object with an excitation laser beam, the excitation laser beam being a continuous-wave laser beam modulated by a square-wave modulation waveform. The method may also include measuring temperature at the location over time by measuring changes in one or more reflective properties at the location. Related apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus, and an optical bus network are provided. This application relates to the field of industrial data communication technologies. In the method, a controller sends, when discovering a target optical head end, a target optical head end identifier to the target optical head end, where the target optical head end identifier is for identifying the target optical head end; the controller determines a target management protocol from management protocols supported by the target optical head end; and the controller communicates target information with the target optical head end based on the target optical head end identifier and the target management protocol, where the target information is used by the controller to manage the target optical head end and/or at least one optical terminal managed by the target optical head end.

Abstract: An effective nonlinear optical coefficient optimization method for langasite group solid solution crystals is disclosed. The langasite group crystal A3BC3D2O14 mainly includes langanite (LGN) crystal, langatate (LGT) crystal and langasite (LGS) crystal. The solid solution crystals are formed by adjusting a component proportion of langasite group crystals with the same structure, so that different ions mix and occupy sites in a polyhedral group, and a polyhedral lattice structure, distortion degree, refractive index and refractive dispersion of the solid solution crystal are changed. The reduction of the phase matching angle and the improvement of the nonlinear optical coefficient are realized, and the effective nonlinear optical coefficient is finally optimized.

Abstract: Example timing measurement methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes that user equipment receives M beams from a base station, where M is a positive integer. The user equipment performs timing measurement on N beams in the M beams, where the N beams are selected from the M beams based on reference signal received powers (RSRPs) of the M beams, and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

Abstract: Microbiological entities, such as cells or microbes, are immobilized in a single-file linear array for optical analysis. Colloidal magnetic particles having a binding agent, such as ligand for attachment with a corresponding receptor, are bound to the entities suspended in a fluid medium. The fluid medium is placed into a vessel having a ferromagnetic capture structure including an elongated linear collection surface with a diameter less than that of the microbiological species of interest. The vessel is placed into a magnetic field for inducing a magnetic gradient in a region along the collection surface of the ferromagnetic capture structure. The magnetically-labeled entities are attracted toward the collection surface and immobilized thereon in a linear array. Microscopic optical and fluorescence observations, and sequential chemical reactions and mechanical manipulations may be performed on the line of immobilized entities.

Abstract: Biological entities such as cells, microbes, or components thereof are labeled with a magnetic colloid containing microscopic magnetic particles. The magnetic particles have a coating capable of biospecific or non-specific binding with the entities. An immobilization apparatus includes a non-magnetic vessel having a ferromagnetic collection structure for attracting the entities toward a collection surface upon which the magnetically labeled entities are immobilized subsequent to placement of the vessel on a support between two magnets. The ferromagnetic collection structure preferably has a sharp edge or high curvature for intensifying the magnetic field and for collecting the entities in a monolayer. The vessel includes an un-obstructed observation path so that immobilized entities may be observed and/or manipulated. The ferromagnetic collection structure may be arranged in various two dimensional patterns to provide a desired collection configuration.

Abstract: A magnetic separation apparatus is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a flow-through vessel defining a plenum and an inlet port for introducing fluid into the plenum. A hydrodynamic damping structure is provided between the inlet port and plenum for reducing turbulence in the fluid. A mounting device is provided with a slot therein for supporting and receiving the vessel. The mounting device also supports a first array of magnets along one side of the slot and arranged adjacent one another to face the slot with alternating polarity, and a second array of magnets along the opposite side of the slot from the first array arranged adjacent one another to face the slot with alternating polarity and confronting and magnetically opposing the magnets in the first array.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for separation of magnetic particles and/or magnetic-associated substances from non-magnetic associated substances and media. The methods are specifically applicable to biological separation, and utilize a phase phenomenon arising from mutual interactions between suspended magnetic particles and interactions with the suspension medium. The phenomenon is exploited to produce and maintain a distinct, structured phase of magnetic particles, or ferrophase, within a multi-phase liquid system. A ferrophase is established within a separation chamber prior to introducing therein a test sample containing the target substances to be separated. The formation of a ferrophase is used to transport target substances from regions of relatively low magnetic field gradient to regions of relatively high magnetic field gradient within a high-gradient magnetic separation apparatus.

Abstract: A magnetic separator for isolating magnetically-labeled substances of interest, such as immunological agents, from a non-magnetic test medium using a method of high gradient magnetic separation. The target substance is contacted with microscopic magnetic particles having a receptor for binding with the target substance. The test medium containing the magnetic particles is held in a non-magnetic container and placed into a gap within an arrangement of magnets for causing the magnetic particles to adhere to selected locations upon the interior wall of the container. The quantity of magnetic particles may be controlled to cause the magnetic particles collected upon the interior wall to form a monolayer. The magnets are arranged upon a yoke which may provide linear, surrounding multipolar, or partially surrounding multipolar configurations of magnetic pole faces about the gap.