Abstract: Provided is a botulinum toxin producing method which is simple achieves a high toxin yield, and obtains a toxin having high specific activity. This botulinum toxin producing method includes: (A) a step in which a botulinum toxin is produced from botulinum toxin-producing bacteria in a medium, and a mixture a is obtained which contains a botulinum toxin, a bacterial component, and a nucleic acid component derived from the botulinum toxin; (B) a step in which the mixture a is subjected to the removal of the bacterial component, and a mixture b is obtained which contains a nucleic acid component and a botulinum toxin; (C) a step in which an endonuclease is added to the mixture b and a mixture c is obtained which contains a nucleic acid degradation product and a botulinum toxin; and (D) a step in which the mixture c is subjected to removal of the nucleic acid degradation product, and an isolated botulinum toxin liquid d is obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a technique capable of evaluating an anisotropy of an object with a large field of view, in a non-destructive manner and with high angular resolution. An object 1 is irradiated with X-rays from a radiation source 22 of a phase-contrast X-ray optical system 2. A change characteristic in X-ray scattering intensities for individual relative angles each formed between an incident angle of the X-rays and an anisotropic structure in the object 1 are then acquired. Evaluation data for evaluating a state of the anisotropic structure in the object 1 is then generated based on the change characteristic in the X-ray scattering intensities.

Abstract: There is provided a technique for non-destructively and relatively easily acquiring orientation information of an anisotropic material even for a large-sized object. An object is irradiated with X-rays in a tangential direction of a curved anisotropic material from a radiation source of a phase-contrast X-ray optical system. A scattering image is then obtained using a detection signal of X-rays having penetrated through the object. Structure information of the anisotropic material is acquired based on the scattering image.

Abstract: A method for calculating a laminate state of a CFRP laminate according to an embodiment includes acquiring a plurality of images of a cross section of the CFRP laminate orthogonal to a lamination direction by imaging the CFRP laminate with X-rays at a plurality of different positions in the lamination direction, the CFRP laminate including first layers including carbon fibers oriented in a first direction orthogonal to the lamination direction and second layers including carbon fibers oriented in a second direction orthogonal to the lamination direction and different from the first direction, and calculating a parameter correlated with a quantity of voids formed in the first layers and the second layers from the plurality of acquired images, and distinguishing between the first layers and the second layers using the calculated parameter.

Abstract: A method for calculating a laminate state of a CFRP laminate according to an embodiment includes acquiring a plurality of images of a cross section of the CFRP laminate orthogonal to a lamination direction by imaging the CFRP laminate with X-rays at a plurality of different positions in the lamination direction, the CFRP laminate including first layers including carbon fibers oriented in a first direction orthogonal to the lamination direction and second layers including carbon fibers oriented in a second direction orthogonal to the lamination direction and different from the first direction, and calculating a parameter correlated with a quantity of voids formed in the first layers and the second layers from the plurality of acquired images, and distinguishing between the first layers and the second layers using the calculated parameter.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a drying method, a drying device, and a battery manufacturing method which are capable of rapid drying. A drying method according to an embodiment of the invention dries an electrode layer (12) including a binder and a solvent. The drying method according to the embodiment includes a first step of blowing a gas onto a first area (22) of the electrode layer (12) to volatilize the solvent, the electrode layer (12) being coated on a current collector foil (11); and a second step of blowing a gas onto a second area (22) of the electrode layer (12) to volatilize the solvent, the second area (22) being located around the first area (21).

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a drying method, a drying device, and a battery manufacturing method which are capable of rapid drying. A drying method according to an embodiment of the invention dries an electrode layer (12) including a binder and a solvent. The drying method according to the embodiment includes a first step of blowing a gas onto a first area (22) of the electrode layer (12) to volatilize the solvent, the electrode layer (12) being coated on a current collector foil (11); and a second step of blowing a gas onto a second area (22) of the electrode layer (12) to volatilize the solvent, the second area (22) being located around the first area (21).

Abstract: The present invention provides a degradation diagnosis device for a cell, the degradation diagnosis device for a cell comparing a potential variation characteristic of a comparison subject cell during discharging and after discharging is stopped and a potential variation characteristic of a degradation diagnosis subject cell during discharging and after discharging is stopped, in a case where the potential variation characteristic of the comparison subject cell during discharging and after discharging is stopped and the potential variation characteristic of the degradation diagnosis subject cell during discharging and after discharging is stopped are not same, diagnosing a cause of the degradation as including degradation of an active material, and in a case where they are same, diagnosing the cause of the degradation as being other than the active material.

Abstract: An article management system generally includes an exit monitoring device, a storage shelf unit and a non-contact id tag. Each of these components are optionally equipped with a detection enhancing device for enhancing the transmission and or reception of signals between the non-contact id tag and the exit monitoring device or between the non-contact id tag and the storage shelf unit. The detection enhancing device includes a loop conductive line or an additional loop antenna.

Abstract: For effectively achieving remote a display at long distance by using paging system, there is provided a personal computer, coding information to be transmitted into message code, dividing it into sub-message code which can be transmitted by one time of transmission operation of the paging system, and automatically transmits them in sequence. The message code sent through the paging system is received with a page adapter and input to a display device. The display device interprets the message code and generates display data to perform the display and control thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid diamide derivatives represented by the following formula (I) and herbicides containing them as an active ingredient. ##STR1## ?wherein R.sub.1 represents one to three substituents such as H, halogen, cyano, nitro, (halo)alkyl, (halo)alkoxy, (halo)alkylthio, (C.sub.3-6)cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted phenyl, substituted phenoxy, etc. and R.sub.1 may represent alkylene or alkenylene together with an adjacent carbon atom; R.sub.2 represents H, halogen, cyano, nitro, (halo)alkyl or (halo)alkoxy; R.sub.3 represents H or alkyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent H, (halo)alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkylalkyl, etc.; and n represents an integer of 0 or 1!.The present compounds exhibit excellent effect for controlling paddy field weeds and the like.

Abstract: A 3-(substituted phenyl)pyrazole derivative or a salt thereof, the derivative being represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein, X denotes halogen, R.sup.1 denotes lower alkyl, R.sup.2 denotes halogen and R.sup.3 denotes lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or benzyl group, a process for producing said pyrazole derivative, a herbicidal composition containing said pyrazole derivative as an active ingredient, and a method of controlling weeds by applying said composition.

Abstract: There are disclosed a (3-substituted phenyl)pyrazole derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and X are various substituents and a salt thereof, and its production process. Said pyrazole derivative or its salt is useful as a herbicide for controlling various injurious weeds.

Abstract: An eye-cup attached to an eye-piece frame provided at a rear-part of a camera, in which at least a portion of an outer wall of the eye-cup is formed on an external surface so as to match with an external surface of the camera.

Abstract: In a camera having a shutter-release button and a rapid-winding lever positioned adjacent each other, a finger abutment member is provided as extending from the casing of the shutter-release button to cover the axis portion of the rapid-winding lever.

Abstract: R-Enantiomer of a .DELTA..sup.2 -1,2,4-triazolin-5-one derivatives represented by general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a chloroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkoxyalkyl group having the total carbon atom numbers of 3 to 6, and a herbicidal composition containing the same.