Abstract: An array substrate including: a pixel defined by both a scanning line and a signal line intersecting with the scanning line, wherein a display area on a substrate includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix shape, wherein the pixel includes: a switching device; a lower electrode that is connected to the switching device; an insulating film that is formed on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode that is formed on the insulating film to generate a fringe electric field between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, and wherein, in an area where the upper electrode is not formed and light is not transmitted, a contact hole is provided on a conducting pattern having the same potential as the lower electrode, by removing the insulating film.

Abstract: A display device including a display element having a planar display face on which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix shape and an optical element arranged in close contact with or in close proximity to at least a partial region of the planar display face and optically transmitting image light incoming from the planar display face to a light-emitting face, characterized in that the light-emitting face of the optical element has a surface not parallel to at least the planar display face and forms a nonplanar display face and that the plurality of pixels on the planar display face do not have the same dimensions but different dimensions in accordance with the angle ? formed by the planar display face and the nonplanar display face corresponding to the pixels of the planar display face.

Abstract: An array substrate including: a pixel defined by both a scanning line and a signal line intersecting with the scanning line, wherein a display area on a substrate includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix shape, wherein the pixel includes: a switching device; a lower electrode that is connected to the switching device; an insulating film that is formed on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode that is formed on the insulating film to generate a fringe electric field between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, and wherein, in an area where the upper electrode is not formed and light is not transmitted, a contact hole is provided on a conducting pattern having the same potential as the lower electrode, by removing the insulating film.

Abstract: A pulse number control circuit inputs, to a charge pump circuit, pulses of a number according to digital data constituted of weighted data bits. The charge pump circuit includes a pump capacitor connected between a first node to which the pulses are input and a second node, a switch element connected between the second node and an output node, and a bias circuit. According to a change of a voltage on the output node, the bias circuit changes a voltage on the second node with the same polarity.

Abstract: A display device including a display element having a planar display face on which a plurality of pixels are arranged in a matrix shape and an optical element arranged in close contact with or in close proximity to at least a partial region of the planar display face and optically transmitting image light incoming from the planar display face to a light-emitting face, characterized in that the light-emitting face of the optical element has a surface not parallel to at least the planar display face and forms a nonplanar display face and that the plurality of pixels on the planar display face do not have the same dimensions but different dimensions in accordance with the angle ? formed by the planar display face and the nonplanar display face corresponding to the pixels of the planar display face.

Abstract: A pulse number control circuit inputs, to a charge pump circuit, pulses of a number according to digital data constituted of weighted data bits. The charge pump circuit includes a pump capacitor connected between a first node to which the pulses are input and a second node, a switch element connected between the second node and an output node, and a bias circuit. According to a change of a voltage on the output node, the bias circuit changes a voltage on the second node with the same polarity.

Abstract: A pulse number control circuit inputs, to a charge pump circuit, pulses of a number according to digital data constituted of weighted data bits. The charge pump circuit includes a pump capacitor connected between a first node to which the pulses are input and a second node, a switch element connected between the second node and an output node, and a bias circuit. According to a change of a voltage on the output node, the bias circuit changes a voltage on the second node with the same polarity.

Abstract: A pulse number control circuit inputs, to a charge pump circuit, pulses of a number according to digital data constituted of weighted data bits. The charge pump circuit includes a pump capacitor connected between a first node to which the pulses are input and a second node, a switch element connected between the second node and an output node, and a bias circuit. According to a change of a voltage on the output node, the bias circuit changes a voltage on the second node with the same polarity.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal display, which permits brighter display than conventional devices, can be used in a dark place and has a simple structure, is provided. The reflective type liquid crystal display includes a polarizer provided in the front of liquid crystal, and a backside-scattering-polarizer provided in the backside of the liquid crystal to transmit a polarized light component in one direction and reflect with scattering a polarized light component orthogonal to that one direction opposite to the advancing direction of the light.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of thin film magnetic head for recovering favorable magnetic characteristics by removing the strain occurring inside the core by heating the laminated body in the final step after laminating lower core, gap, first insulation layer, coil, second insulation layer, upper core and protective film on a substrate.