Abstract: This invention is directed to a high temperature resistant lighting device for lighting the interior of a high temperature furnace for observing the furnace interior from the outside. A lighting lamp (5) and an inspection device (9) are housed within a metallic heat protective casing (10) having a cooling path (27) for circulation of cooling water. The lamp and an objective section (91) of the inspection device are rotatable with its associated drives (53) and (97) so that the illuminating direction of light from the lamp and the viewing direction of the objective section are variable so as to direct illuminating light beams from the lamp toward a wall surface of the furnace via a viewing window (4) and focus reflected light beams from the wall surface of the furnace onto the objective section.