Abstract: An electro-optical device includes at least two adjacent transparent twisted nematic liquid crystal cells, each cell having a twisted nematic liquid crystal with a twist angle greater than 90.degree. between a pair of spaced apart opposed substrates with electrodes selectively disposed thereon. A linear polarizer is disposed on an exterior surface of each of the two cells. One of the two cells includes a plurality of electrodes for selectively producing a desired display. Application of a suitable voltage to the second cell compensates for changes in ambient temperature conditions or undesirable thicknesses in the liquid crystal materials of the two cells to ensure that a monochromatic display having excellent contrast is produced by the device and compensates for elliptically polarized light emitted by the first cell so that the device produces substantially linearly polarized light.

Abstract: A method and circuits for multiplex driving of a liquid crystal element employing a ferroelectric liquid crystal therein. The method includes the step of applying a voltage pulse having an amplitude and a pulse width which exceeds a saturation voltage during a first half of a selecting term or a non-selecting term just before the selecting term to place the liquid crystal element in an "ON" or "OFF" state. The method also includes the step of applying the voltage pulse having a opposite polarity with respect to said voltage pulse and having an amplitude and a pulse width smaller than the threshhold voltage or exceeding the saturation voltage so that it is selected in order to maintain or to change the "ON" or "OFF" state. Further, it includes the step of rendering the average of a DC component which is applied to the liquid crystal element to zero by the method for applying a voltage pulse.

Abstract: A method and circuits for multiplex driving of a multielement liquid crystal display device having a ferroelectric liquid crystal therein. The method includes the step of applying at least one selecting electric field pulse having an amplitude which exceeds a threshold value of optical response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal to each element during a selecting term. It further includes the step of applying at least one non-selecting electric field pulse having an amplitude which is no greater than threshold value to each element at a time other than the selecting term. The optical response of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is determined in accordance with waveforms of the selecting and non-selecting pulses. According to the invention the duration of the non-selecting pulses is much smaller than the time between selecting terms. The width of the non-selecting pulses is minimized.

Abstract: A metal image forming material in which the thin metal layer can be etched in short period to provide a sharp image without a strong etchant is disclosed. Said metal image forming material comprises a support, at least one metal layer and an overlying light sensitive layer. Said metal layer is formed by vapor-depositing a metal on the support at an angle with respect to the surface of the support.

Abstract: In a dye image forming process in color photography comprising imagewise exposing a photographic element comprising a support and a light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, and processing the exposed photographic element with an alkaline processing solution in the presence of a dye developer whereby a dye image corresponding to the imagewise exposure is formed by oxidation of said developer as a function of development of silver halide, the improvement which comprises the dye developer being a mono azo dye developer represented by the following formula:X--N.dbd.

Abstract: A color diffusion transfer photographic unit is disclosed which contains a silver halide photosensitive element having a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer thereon and an image receiving element having a support and an image receiving layer thereon wherein the unit contains a polymer having a first monomer which contains a tertiary nitrogen atom wherein at least 5 mole % of said first monomer is grafted and/or graft-copolymerized with a second monomer which is a vinyl monomer having a tertiary or quaternary nitrogen.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improvement in a diffusion transfer photographic material having a transparent support, a receiving layer, a silver halide emulsion layer, and a neutralization layer, wherein the neutralization layer contains a copolymer containing fluorine.

Abstract: An improved neutralization layer is disclosed for a diffusion transfer photographic material wherein said layer contains a copolymer having a monomer unit represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a divalent radical selected from the group consisting of an alkylene group, an arylene group and a combination group consisting of at least one alkylene group and at least one arylene group; the alkylene group containing two or more carbon atoms; the alkylene group, the arylene group and the combination group containing at least one --COOR and/or at least one ##STR2## in which R is hydrogen or an alkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color diffusion transfer photographic unit containing a silver halide photosensitive element, and an image receiving element wherein said unit contains a copolymer containing two monomers. The first monomer is noted for having quaternary nitrogen while the second monomer is required to have at least one fluorine atom.

Abstract: A process for forming a dye image on a receiving element by diffusion transfer from a photosensitive element is disclosed wherein the exposed photosensitive element is processed with an alkaline solution in the presence of a particular dye developer having at least one azo radical.