Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the clarification of juices and other similar beverages such as wine, beer, cider, etc. . . . which comprises a flotation stage. All known clarification processes used in the commercial production of beverages are discontinuous in that they rely on a sedimentation stage and/or require the use of expensive centrifugal equipment which require regular cleaning and maintenance. The use of the invention allows the commercial clarification of beverages without the necessity of going through a sedimentation stage or the use of centrifugal equipment. The process comprises three essential stages, i.e.: the formation of a flotable floc in the untreated beverage, the continuous introduction of the coagulated beverage in a flotation vessel, the flotation of the floc by microbubbles formed in the beverage and the continuous removal of the clarified beverage.

Abstract: An electrical switching circuit for a multi-phase a.c. supply uses semiconductor rectifier switches SCR1 to 5 to reversibly switch power to a multi-phase electric motor so that the motor can be run in a forward or a reverse direction. The SCRs are provided in two sets, one for switching power to forward run the motor, and the other set for reverse running of the motor. Inductor elements .DELTA.L are connected in series with the SCRs. The inductor elements comprise coils which include a non-linear permeability core, for example of ferrite or permalloy, which are operative to suppress voltage transients at switch on of the motor. These transients would otherwise produce spurious firing of the SCRs and could produce a short circuit across the input phases of the a.c. supply. The circuit is used in a valve actuator. Improved torque limit switches and position limit switches are disclosed, which operate a low voltage and which use Reed and Hall effect switches.