Abstract: At least one pressure exchange unit with a hollow cylindrical body, a piston sliding in the body, the piston including a piston head separating the interior of the cylindrical body into a downstream chamber and an upstream chamber, the downstream chamber being provided with a device for the admission and discharge of water to be treated, the upstream chamber being provided with a five-way distributor linkage including, for hydraulic balancing, two pressurized liquid supply orifices, two orifices for the evacuation of the liquid and an opening in communication with the upstream chamber.

Abstract: A method for carbonitriding of a steel part arranged in a chamber comprises first steps and second steps, a carburizing gas being injected into the chamber during the first steps only and a nitriding gas being injected into the chamber during the second steps only, at least one of the second steps being situated between two first steps, the pressure in the chamber during at least one part of said two first steps being maintained at a first value and the pressure in the chamber during at least one part of said second step situated between said two first steps being at a second value that is strictly greater than the first value.

Abstract: At least one pressure exchange unit with a hollow cylindrical body, a piston sliding in the body, the piston including a piston head separating the interior of the cylindrical body into a downstream chamber and an upstream chamber, the downstream chamber being provided with a device for the admission and discharge of water to be treated, the upstream chamber being provided with a five-way distributor linkage including, for hydraulic balancing, two pressurized liquid supply orifices, two orifices for the evacuation of the liquid and an opening in communication with the upstream chamber.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. The method further includes alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for carbonitriding of a steel part arranged in a chamber comprises first steps and second steps, a carburizing gas being injected into the chamber during the first steps only and a nitriding gas being injected into the chamber during the second steps only, at least one of the second steps being situated between two first steps, the pressure in the chamber during at least one part of said two first steps being maintained at a first value and the pressure in the chamber during at least one part of said second step situated between said two first steps being at a second value that is strictly greater than the first value.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° C. and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles, comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: Volumetric pressure exchanger comprising at least one unit for pressure exchange with a hollow cylindrical body, a piston sliding in said body, said piston comprising a piston crown separating the inside of said cylindrical body into a downstream chamber and an upstream chamber, said piston comprising a rod arranged on the downstream chamber side and passing through said downstream chamber, said downstream chamber being equipped with a device for admitting and delivering water for treatment, said upstream chamber being equipped with a three-way rotary-slide valve, said rotary slide being rotated by motorized drive means, said valve comprising a pressurized-liquid supply orifice, a discharge orifice for said liquid, and an opening communicating with said upstream chamber.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles, comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. The method further includes alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: Volumetric pressure exchanger comprising at least one unit for pressure exchange with a hollow cylindrical body, a piston sliding in said body, said piston comprising a piston crown separating the inside of said cylindrical body into a downstream chamber and an upstream chamber, said piston comprising a rod arranged on the downstream chamber side and passing through said downstream chamber, said downstream chamber being equipped with a device for admitting and delivering water for treatment, said upstream chamber being equipped with a three-way rotary-slide valve, said rotary slide being rotated by motorized drive means, said valve comprising a pressurized-liquid supply orifice, a discharge orifice for said liquid, and an opening communicating with said upstream chamber.

Abstract: A method for the low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts, in particular parts used in the manufacture of automobiles comprises a heating step that includes a simple heating phase (M) followed by an initial nitridation phase (Ni) from a temperature between 700° C. to 750° C. to a temperature between 860° and 1000° C. and carried out using a reduced temperature gradient relative to the simple heating phase. Additionally, alternate cementing (C1-Cn) and nitridation (N1-Nn) steps are performed at constant temperature, wherein the final nitridation step is accompanied with a decrease in temperature immediately before quenching (T).

Abstract: Crosslinkable liquid composition which can crosslink to give a hydrophobic and/or oleophobic silicone elastomer coating, comprising a polyorganosiloxane (POS) resin A exhibiting, per molecule, on the one hand, at least two different siloxyl units chosen from those of M, D, T and Q types, one of the units being a T unit or a Q unit, and, on the other hand, at least three hydrolysable/condensable groups of OH and/or OR1 types, where R1 is a linear or branched C1 to C6, preferably C1 to C3, alkyl radical, a system for promoting attachment B and a polyfluoroacrylate F. Use of this composition to form a silicone elastomer sheath around the constituent yarns, fibers and/or filaments of a textile material and to confer long-lasting oleophobicity and/or hydrophobicity properties.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a silicone coating of low dielectric constant, comprising the following essential steps: a) a film-forming silicone composition is deposited on the surface of a substrate, said silicone composition comprising: (i) at least one crosslinkable film-forming silicone resin, (ii) at least one ?,?-hydroxylated, essentially linear silicone oil capable of degrading under the action of heat, and (iii) at least one solvent capable of rendering the silicone resin (i) compatible with the silicone oil (ii), b) the solvent (iii) is removed, preferably by heating, and, simultaneously or sequentially, c) the film-forming silicone composition is cured by heating. The invention deals also with a silicone coating obtained by this process and an integrated circuit comprising such a silicone coating as an electrical insulator.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of waterproofing liquid silicon compositions for impregnating porous construction materials, for example mineral or (ligno)cellulose materials.

Abstract: Crosslinkable liquid silicone compostions suited, on curing, for the long-lasting protective and/or applicational coating/treatment of textile substrates, for example, for imparting softness, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, hydrophilicity or antistatic properties thereto, comprise a formulation of (a) at least one particular polyorganosiloxane (POS) resin, (B) at least one metal alkoxide and/or polyalkoxide, or combination thereof with at least one optionally alkoxylated organosilane and/or at least one organosilicon compound bearing at least one epoxy, amino, ureido, isocyanato and/or isocyanurate substituent, (C) at least one functional coreactant therefor, (D), optionally, at least one nonreactive additive and (E), also optionally, at least one auxiliary agent other than an additive (D).

Abstract: Silicone coating on various soft supports, for instance textiles, made of synthetic polymers (polyamide, polyester) provides an efficient method for producing water impermeable and water permeable coatings, on soft supports, said method enabling to improve permeability to water vapor of the silicones while preserving impermeability to water. The inventive method enabling this consists mainly in: coating one of the surfaces of the support with a film formed by an invert water-in-oil silicone emulsion comprising a continuous oily silicone phase phi s, crosslinkable into elastomer and including a polyorganosiloxane (POS) A crosslinkable by addition polymerization, by cationic process or free-radical process; optionally a crosslinking organosilicon compound B; and optionally at least a catalyst C; an aqueous phase phi a; a stabilizing agent; and in ensuring crosslinking of the silicone phase phi s and elimination of water.

Abstract: Oil-in-water siloxane emulsions are useful for providing a substrate, especially a textile substrate, with long-lasting water-repellent properties.

Abstract: An essential aim of the invention is a treatment which permits: (i) coating a textile material and/or threads, fibers and/or filaments making up the textile material, the silicone formulation cross-linking around the threads, fibers and/or filaments making up the textile material and forming a cross-linked silicone coating around the same and ii) durably imparting water-repellency and impermeability to said textile material without substantially affecting the intrinsic respirability of the textile material. Said aim is achieved by means of the present invention using at least one cross-linkable silicone formulation as a base for the textile coating material, particularly, of a textile material which may be used for the production of sports clothing.