Abstract: A system for virtual reality training, to acquire procedure movements in odontology, by sensing data concerning spatial position of a real hand-held element (2), three-dimensional representation of a virtual object (T) on a display screen (7), processing spatial position data for providing spatial display of a virtual instrument (OV) corresponding to the actual spatial position of the real element (2), supplying a virtual instrument (01-04) for operating on the virtual object (T) and modelling an interaction between the virtual instrument and said virtual object (T). The hand-held element (2) belongs to a haptic man-machine interface (IHM) comprising actuators controlled to supply the user holding in his hand the real element (2) with a force-feedback when the virtual instrument (OV) interacts with the virtual object (T). The invention is useful for pedagogical and professional purposes.

Abstract: Apparatus for obtaining a fluid sample from a flow moving through a pipeline that includes a cylindrical body mounted in the line that has the same inside diameter as the pipeline. A housing is attached to the body which communicates therewith through an orifice. A ball is rotatably mounted in the housing upon upper and lower seats with the lower seat resting on a shoulder formed in the housing at the entrance to a circular opening. The ball contains a recess and a lever that moves the ball between a first position wherein the recess is exposed to the flow through the orifice to collect a sample and a second position wherein the collected sample is released through the opening. The diameter of the opening at the entrance being less than the diameter of the ball whereby the ball will close the opening in the even the lower seal is destroyed.