Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for preparing vesicles. In one aspect, the methods involve providing a molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids and adding the molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids to an aqueous solution comprising an antigen such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed, wherein in the step of adding the molten mixture of vesicle forming lipids is at a temperature of less than 120° C. In another aspect, the methods involve providing a molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids and adding an aqueous solution comprising an antigen to the molten mixture of vesicle-forming lipids such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed, wherein the resulting mixture is placed under temperature-controlled conditions of less than 60° C. In yet another aspect, the methods involve providing a solution of vesicle forming lipids and adding the solution of vesicle-forming lipids to an aqueous solution comprising an antigen by injection such that antigen-containing vesicles are formed.

Abstract: This invention pertains generally to the field of hard enteric capsules, and more particularly, to capsules consisting of (a) a film-forming, water-soluble polymer; (b) an acid-insoluble polymer; (c) a gelatinising agent; (d) an auxiliary for gelation; (e) at least one plasticiser; (f) minor ingredients, including, optionally, a colouring agent and a flavouring agent; and the balance of the composition being water. The present invention also pertains to the use of the capsule in the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients or dietary supplements and methods for producing hard enteric capsules.

Abstract: An oral vaccine contain liposomes and complexed or, preferably entrapped, DNA operatively encoding an antigen in which the liposomes are formed from components including cationic compounds and zwitterionic phospholipids. The hydrophobic groups within the liposome forming components must include at least one group which is saturated. This is believed to raise the transition temperature, rendering the liposomes more stable when delivered orally. The compositions have been found to give detectable increased in IgA levels, secreted immunoglobulins of importance in efficacious oral vaccine delivery.