Abstract: An optical element for a motor vehicle windshield comprises, in combination, an interference filter having one or more light-reflecting metal layers and one or more reflection-suppressing layers for coacting with the one or more metal layers to minimize reflection and enhance transmission in the visible region, a gradient band continuation of the interference filter above the direct line of forward vision through a windshield when disposed in a motor vehicle for reflective rejection of solar energy, such band including a light-reflecting metal layer gradually increasing in thickness toward a lateral edge of the band and an anti-glare backing behind the gradient band for suppressing luminous reflection from within the motor vehicle when the optical element is disposed in the windshield.

Abstract: Perfluoroalkanoic acids and perfluoroalkanols are prepared by electrolysis of perfluoroalkyl chlorides in the presence of carbon dioxide or an aldehyde, for example, trifluoroacetic acid is obtained from chlorotrifluoromethane and carbon dioxide while trifluoroethanol is obtained from chlorotrifluoromethane and formaldehyde.