Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter, particularly for digital systems requiring a fast and accurate high resolution conversion of a digital input code into a corresponding analog output voltage. The converter comprises essentially an integrator and at least two counters.The most and least significant bits of the input code are loaded separately into two reverse counters which are released thereafter, whereby the output voltage of the integrator is increasing linearly. The slope of the integrator is correspondingly decreased every time one of the counters reaches zero. The conversion is completed when the remaining counter reaches zero. The integrator provides then the analog output voltage which is stored, free from transient glitches and available at its output inherently having low output impedance.

Abstract: The switching power apparatus has high efficiency, high reliability and very small number of components. A power transformer is used if line isolation is necessary. The apparatus is operable with almost any configuration comprising at least one bidirectional or two unidirectional switches for producing AC or DC outupt signal. The switching is minimized with increasing output signal level as to maximize the efficiency but with no significant deterioration of the harmonic distortion level.A resistor divider provides two feedback signals in response to the output signal. Two comparators compare the input signal against the feedback signals and provide two comparison signals. Two flip-flops temporarily store the comparison signals. A switching amplifier provides the output signal in response to the comparison signals stored in the flip-flops. If output signal correction is unnecessary, the switching amplifier is in idle state.

Abstract: The switching power supply has a high output power, high efficiency and extremely high power factor. The input signal may be AC or DC. A charging circuit operates independently, whereby an average sinusoidal input current is obtained. No separate power factor correction circuit is employed. The switching power supply includes a transformer coupled to ground for providing the output signal. A pair of capacitors is coupled to ground for storing a pair of voltages having opposite polarities. Two switches successively apply the capacitor voltages across primary of the transformer. A rectifier applies the input voltage to one capacitor. The charging circuit inverts a polarity of the input voltage and charges the other capacitor.

Abstract: The encoder is particularly for high speed and high resolution flash analog-to-digital converters. The number of components is drastically reduced, error correction scheme extended, the conversion speed and reliability increased. A suitable error correction can be accomplished by changing content of the decoders. The encoder comprises a register for sampling and interim storage of the input code, and providing a plurality of section codes, a plurality of section decoders for converting the section codes into a first portion of the output code, and a selective circuit for selecting one of the section codes in response to the first portion of the output code and converting the selected section code into a section portion of the output code.

Abstract: The synchronous switching power supply can be employed in power supply systems requiring multiple outputs and extremely high efficiency. No minimum load is necessary. A switching power supply with boost and/or flyback converters comprises a switching circuit for providing an AC signal. Two diodes rectify the AC signal and provide a pulsating DC signal to a node. An inductor is coupled thereto for attaining a current. A capacitor is coupled to the inductor for providing a first DC output signal which is also fed back to the switching circuit. The boost and flyback converters are coupled to the node for converting the pulsating DC signal into a second and third DC output signals.

Abstract: The synchronous switching power supply can be employed in multiple output power supply systems requiring extremely high efficiency and low number of components. The input signal may be AC or pulsating DC. A single switch is switched at zero voltage and current. The short circuit protection is inherent. A switching power supply with boost or flyback converter includes an inductor coupled to a node for attaining a current, a switch coupled to the node for selectively applying the input signal of one polarity across the inductor, wherein the inductor and switch are separately coupled to the input and ground in either order, a capacitor providing the output signal, rectifier coupled between the node and capacitor for conducting the current, a pair of comparators for comparing the input and output signals against respective reference signals, a circuit for determining an optimum value of the current as to minimize an overshoot of the output signal, and a circuit controlling the switch.

Abstract: The true flash analog-to-digital converter has an extremely high speed and resolution. The complexity of the comparators is reduced to an absolute minimum, i.e. one or two transistors, preferably FETs. A reference ladder, e.g. resistor network, is completely eliminated. No matching is necessary. 8-bit converter breaking 1 GHz barrier is possible.The input signal or a reference signal is selectively applied to comparators and compared against base signals stored in capacitors. An encoder is coupled to the comparators for producing the output code. A reference circuit provides the reference signal and a reference code corresponding thereto. A digital comparator compares the code produced by the encoder against the reference code and provides a corrective signal. A demultiplexer applies the corrective signal to one of the capacitors in response to the reference code.

Abstract: This multi-flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC), in particular dual flash ADC, has extremely high speed and resolution. The final resolution of a comparator/multiplexer section can be effectively doubled. For instance, a 16-bit ADC can employ 300 rather than 255 comparators. A monolithic integration can be accomplished. A resistive network is coupled to a current source and to a reference signal for providing a plurality of comparison signals. A comparator/multiplexer section compares the comparison signals against ground, selects one of the comparison signals and produces a code. An amplifier amplifies the selected comparison signal. A switch provides the reference signal in response to the ADC input signal and subsequently in response to the amplifier output signal. Two codes are encoded and converted into the output code of the ADC.

Abstract: The bidirectional switching power supply has high output power, high efficiency, high reliability and very small size. One device operates as DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/DC or AC/AC converter. Short circuit protection is inherent. The switching power supply can be carried out in integrated form as 3-terminal device. Additional terminals can be established for reference and control signals. Numerous standard devices can be built by adding just a few components, possibly no power semiconductors. The switching power supply comprises an inductor which has a pair of terminals and attains a current. Three unidirectional switches are coupled to one terminal for selectively applying the current to the input, ground and output. Two other unidirectional switches are coupled to the other terminal for selectively applying the current to ground and output. A diode or unidirectional switch can be coupled to the other terminal for applying the current to the input.

Abstract: This flash analog-to-digital converter with integrating input stage has a very high speed and resolution due to drastically reduced number of components. The input signal is integrated for providing a varying ramp signal to comparators. A plurality of the comparator codes produced thereby is sampled, whereby a code sequence is established. A resistor or capacitor network determines quantization levels for the comparators so that the code sequence is different for any substantially different input signal. The code sequence is converted by means of an encoder, adder and decoder into the output code of the converter.

Abstract: The switching power supply has sinusoidal or constant input current. The latter one results in best possible line and component utilizations at any time. The switching power supply comprises a first capacitor for storing a base voltage and second capacitor for storing output voltage. A first inductor is coupled between a first terminal and ground. A second inductor is coupled between a second and third terminals. A first switch selectively applies input voltage to the second terminal. A second switch selectively applies the base voltage to the third terminal. A first and second diodes are coupled to the first terminal and further respectively to the second terminal and first capacitor. A third and fourth diodes are coupled to the second capacitor and ground respectively. The third and fourth diodes are further separately coupled to the second and third terminals in either order.

Abstract: The synchronous switching power supply can be employed in multiple output power supply systems requiring extremely high efficiency and low number of components. The input signal may be AC or pulsating DC. A single switch is switched at zero voltage and current. The short circuit protection is inherent. A switching power supply with buck converter includes a switch for selectively applying the input signal of one polarity to a node, an inductor coupled to the node for attaining a current, a rectifier coupled between the node and ground for conducting the current, a capacitor coupled between the inductor and ground for providing the output signal, a first comparator for comparing the input signal against a first signal, a second comparator for comparing the output signal against a second signal, and a control circuit responsive to the first and second comparators for controlling the switch.

Abstract: The switching power supply has high output power and high efficiency. The input voltage may be AC or DC. The input current may be constant or sinusoidal, output voltage fixed or variable. Smallest possible peak currents of switches result in best possible line and component utilizations at any time. In particular, inrush and surge currents are eliminated. A diode applies the input voltage to the output. A capacitor is coupled to the input for storing a base voltage. A switch selectively couples the capacitor to the output. A converter is used to convert the output voltage into the base voltage. The load is coupled to the output and further to the input or ground. A filter can be used to reduce output ripple voltage.

Abstract: The power switch driver is a controlled 4-terminal device for substantially capacitive load, e.g power MOSFET. The switching speed, efficiency and reliability are very high. The switching frequency is inherently limited. The bias supply of the driver may be floating or grounded. The output voltage is approximately two times higher than supply voltage. The energy delivered to the capacitive load is recovered. The driver comprises an inductor for attaining a current and providing binary output voltage. One switch selectively applies the current having any polarity to the supply voltage source. Another switch selectively applies the current having one polarity to ground. A diode applies the binary output voltage having a reverse polarity to ground.

Abstract: The encoder is particularly for ultra fast high resolution flash analog-to-digital converters. A simple multiplexing is performed. An optional buffer memory stores selected codes prior to a final processing which can be relatively slow. An input register is unnecessary. The input code is divided into a least significant section code and at least one more significant section code each having a least significant bit. A multiplexer selects the least significant section code or a portion of one of the more significant section codes excluding the least significant bit thereof, in response to the least significant bits. The multiplexer includes a plurality of buffers for separately receiving the section codes and having outputs coupled in parallel. A decoder converts the least significant bits and selected code into the binary output code.

Abstract: This multi-flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC), in particular dual flash ADC, has extremely high speed and resolution. The final resolution of a comparator/multiplexer section can be effectively doubled. For instance, a 16-bit ADC can employ 300 rather than 255 comparators. A monolithic integration can be accomplished. A resistive network is coupled to a current source and to a reference signal for providing a plurality of comparison signals. A comparator/multiplexer section compares the comparison signals against ground, selects one of the comparison signals and produces a code. The ADC input signal and selected comparison signal are subsequently applied to an amplifier which provides the reference signal. Two codes are encoded and converted into the output code of the ADC.

Abstract: The bidirectional switching power apparatus converts DC input voltage into single AC or multiple DC output voltages. Power transformer is used if line isolation is necessary. Number of switching components and peak currents thereof are minimal. The DC input voltage is lower than the AC or DC output voltages. The switching power apparatus has a first and second capacitors coupled to ground for storing a first and second voltages respectively. One switch selectively applies the DC input voltage across an inductor which attains a current. Another switch selectively applies the current to ground. A diode applies the current to the first capacitor. An amplifier converts the first and second voltages into the AC output signal. Two other diodes apply the second voltage and AC output signal to a node. The DC input voltage is referenced to the node rather than ground.

Abstract: This multi-flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC), in particular dual flash ADC, has extremely high speed and resolution. The final resolution of a comparator/multiplexer section can be effectively doubled. For instance, a 16-bit ADC can employ 300 rather than 255 comparators. A monolithic integration can be accomplished.A resistive network is coupled to a reference source for providing a plurality of reference signals. A comparator/multiplexer section compares a comparison signal against the reference signals, selects one of the reference signals and produces a code. A capacitor circuit provides the comparison signal in response to the ADC input signal and subsequently in response to a signal difference between the stored ADC input signal and selected reference signal. Two codes are encoded and converted into the output code of the ADC.

Abstract: The switching power supply has high output power, high efficiency and fixed or variable output voltage. The input voltage may be AC or DC. Preferably, the input current is constant. Smallest possible peak currents of switches result in best possible line and component utilizations at any time.In one embodiment, a first converter has an output for converting DC input voltage into a base voltage. A first capacitor is coupled between the DC input voltage and first converter output for storing the base voltage. A second converter is coupled to the first converter output for determining the output voltage. A second capacitor filters the output voltage. Both converters are referenced to ground. A diode applies the DC input voltage to the output.

Abstract: The switching power amplifier has a low number of components, short response time and extremely high efficiency. The amplifier comprises a generator circuit providing an AC signal. A diode bridge rectifies the AC signal and provides two signals substantially equal to zero or having opposite polarities. Two inductors are coupled to the amplifier output for providing the output signal. Two switches selectively apply the rectified signals to the inductors in response to the amplifier input signal. Two input capacitors, preferably having small values, are separately coupled to the rectified signals for storing DC voltages. Two or three rectifiers apply flyback voltages of the inductors to the input capacitors. An output capacitor stores the amplifier output signal.