Abstract: In one embodiment, a system comprises a processor to retrieve a first data element including a value X0 and Y0, provide a hash function for use with a hash table having buckets, the hash function having a first and second input that in combination map to one of the buckets wherein the first input is in a range of X-values having X-value sub-ranges, the second input is in a range of Y-values having Y-value sub-ranges, different combinations of the X-value sub-ranges and the Y-value sub-ranges map using the hash function to different buckets, and input the value X0 and Y0 into the hash function yielding an output which is indicative of a first bucket of the hash-table. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method and system including receiving marking information, determining, at least in part, based on the marking 0 information, a plurality of color element additives, adding the plurality of color element additives to at least one color element of a video frame, wherein the at least one color element includes a color element R, a color element G, and a color element B. Related methods and systems are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a processor to retrieve, from a memory, data of a video frame, the data including measurements of luminance, each of the measurements of luminance being associated with a different entry in a matrix, calculate a weighted average luminance value Ly for the measurements of luminance weighted according to a row position of the one measurement of luminance in the matrix, calculate a weighted average luminance value Lx for the measurements of luminance weighted according to a column position of the one measurement of luminance in the matrix, and create a video signature, S0, of the video frame, the video signature, S0, including the weighted average luminance value Ly and the weighted average luminance value Lx. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system comprises a processor to retrieve a first data element including a value X0 and Y0, provide a hash function for use with a hash table having buckets, the hash function having a first and second input that in combination map to one of the buckets wherein the first input is in a range of X-values having X-value sub-ranges, the second input is in a range of Y-values having Y-value sub-ranges, different combinations of the X-value sub-ranges and the Y-value sub-ranges map using the hash function to different buckets, and input the value X0 and Y0 into the hash function yielding an output which is indicative of a first bucket of the hash-table. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a processor to retrieve, from a memory, data of a video frame, the data including measurements of luminance, each of the measurements of luminance being associated with a different entry in a matrix, calculate a weighted average luminance value Ly for the measurements of luminance weighted according to a row position of the one measurement of luminance in the matrix, calculate a weighted average luminance value Lx for the measurements of luminance weighted according to a column position of the one measurement of luminance in the matrix, and create a video signature, S0, of the video frame, the video signature, S0, including the weighted average luminance value Ly and the weighted average luminance value Lx. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method for image processing includes storing a data string and applying a background modulation to an image. The modulation includes a periodic spatial pattern of chromatic variations over an area of the image with a constant luminance over the area and with a spatial frequency of the chromatic variations that encodes the data string. Related apparatus and methods are included.

Abstract: A method and system including receiving marking information, determining, at least in part, based on the marking 0 information, a plurality of color element additives, adding the plurality of color element additives to at least one color element of a video frame, wherein the at least one color element includes a color element R, a color element G, and a color element B. Related methods and systems are also described.

Abstract: A method for computation, including defining a sequence of n bits that encodes an exponent d, such that no more than a specified number of successive bits in the sequence are the same, initializing first and second registers using a value of a base x that is to be exponentiated, whereby the first and second registers hold respective first and second values, which are successively updated during the computation, successively, for each bit in the sequence computing a product of the first and second values, depending on whether the bit is one or zero, selecting one of the first and second registers, and storing the product in the selected one of the registers, whereby the first and second registers hold respective first and second final values upon completion of the sequence, and returning xd based on the first and second final values. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A system for restricting access to encrypted content stored in a consuming device (12) which is part of a network (10) including other devices (14), the system including a content storage medium to store the encrypted content, a secret-share distribution module to distribute secret-shares to the other devices (14), a secret-share receive module to receive the secret-shares from the other devices (14), a secret reconstruction module to form a content decryption input from the secret-shares received by the secret-share receive module, a content decryption module to receive the encrypted content from the content storage medium and the content decryption input from the secret reconstruction module and decrypt the encrypted content using the content decryption input thereby rendering decrypted content, and a content consumer to use the decrypted content, wherein the secret shares distributed to the other devices (14) are in an encrypted format for decryption by the consuming device (12) or the other devices (14).

Abstract: A method for data display includes storing an identification code and receiving encoded video content for playback. The encoded video content is decoded so as to output a series of video frames while modulating a background level of the video frames in the series according to the identification code. Related systems and methods are also included.

Abstract: A system, including a processor to define opportunities for encoding a watermark into an audio stream having sections, each section, when represented in the frequency domain, including a signal of amplitude against frequency, the processor being operative to, for each one of the sections, identify a fundamental frequency, f being the frequency with the largest amplitude of the signal in the one section, the fundamental frequency f defining harmonic frequencies, each harmonic frequency being at a frequency f/2n or 2fn, n being a positive integer, and define the one section as an opportunity for encoding at least part of the watermark if the amplitude of the signal of the one section is less than a value v for all frequencies in one or more different frequency ranges, each of the different frequency ranges being centered around different ones of the harmonic frequencies. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method and system including capturing a video stream including embedded data, segmenting the video stream into a plurality of video frames included therein, locating a color mass, denoted C?, for each color element of every individual video frame of the plurality of video frames by summing color value coordinates for a given color element included in the individual video frame, locating a color mass, denoted C, for each color element of a corresponding individual video frame, the corresponding individual video frame corresponding a video frame which does not include embedded data, subtracting C from C?, and deriving, from a result of the subtraction, a value of a first coordinate and a second coordinate, the first coordinate and the second coordinate including coordinates of a vector, the vector corresponding to a string of bits including information embedded in the individual video frame. Related apparatus, methods and systems are also described.

Abstract: A system, including a processor to define opportunities for encoding a watermark into an audio stream having sections, each section, when represented in the frequency domain, including a signal of amplitude against frequency, the processor being operative to, for each one of the sections, identify a fundamental frequency, f being the frequency with the largest amplitude of the signal in the one section, the fundamental frequency f defining harmonic frequencies, each harmonic frequency being at a frequency f/2n or 2fn, n being a positive integer, and define the one section as an opportunity for encoding at least part of the watermark if the amplitude of the signal of the one section is less than a value v for all frequencies in one or more different frequency ranges, each of the different frequency ranges being centered around different ones of the harmonic frequencies. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method for data display includes storing an identification code and receiving encoded video content for playback. The encoded video content is decoded so as to output a series of video frames while modulating a background level of the video frames in the series according to the identification code. Related systems and methods are also included.

Abstract: A method for image processing includes storing a data string and applying a background modulation to an image. The modulation includes a periodic spatial pattern of chromatic variations over an area of the image with a constant luminance over the area and with a spatial frequency of the chromatic variations that encodes the data string. Related apparatus and methods are included.

Abstract: A method for computation, including defining a sequence of n bits that encodes an exponent d, such that no more than a specified number of successive bits in the sequence are the same, initializing first and second registers using a value of a base x that is to be exponentiated, whereby the first and second registers hold respective first and second values, which are successively updated during the computation, successively, for each bit in the sequence computing a product of the first and second values, depending on whether the bit is one or zero, selecting one of the first and second registers, and storing the product in the selected one of the registers, whereby the first and second registers hold respective first and second final values upon completion of the sequence, and returning xd based on the first and second final values. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A method and system including capturing a video stream including embedded data, segmenting the video stream into a plurality of video frames included therein, locating a color mass, denoted C?, for each color element of every individual video frame of the plurality of video frames by summing color value coordinates for a given color element included in the individual video frame, locating a color mass, denoted C, for each color element of a corresponding individual video frame, the corresponding individual video frame corresponding a video frame which does not include embedded data, subtracting C from C?, and deriving, from a result of the subtraction, a value of a first coordinate and a second coordinate, the first coordinate and the second coordinate including coordinates of a vector, the vector corresponding to a string of bits including information embedded in the individual video frame. Related apparatus, methods and systems are also described.

Abstract: A method and system for embedding data in video frames is described, the method comprising receiving marking information, representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ?, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, ?, ?, such that ?=(?, ?), providing a video frame to be marked, the video frame including a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y including coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B, and marking the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows R?(p)=R(p)+R>, G?(p)=G(p)+G>, and B?(p)=B(p)+B>, where R> represents a dot product operation on p and ?R, G> represents a dot product operation on p and ?G, and B> represents a dot product operation on p and ?B.

Abstract: A method for switching from playing a first compressed data segment to playing a second compressed recorded data segment, the method including playing an uncompressed copy of a start of the second compressed recorded data segment upon switching from playing the first compressed data segment, decoding the second compressed recorded data segment from a preceding random access point, the preceding random access point preceding, in the second compressed recorded data segment, a point at which playing is to be switched to the second compressed recorded data segment, stopping the decoding of the second compressed recorded data segment when reaching a point beyond a point currently being played in the uncompressed copy, and switching to playing the second compressed recorded data segment when playing the uncompressed copy of a start of the second compressed recorded data segment reaches the point at which the decoding of the second compressed recorded data segment was stopped.

Abstract: A method and system for embedding data in video frames is described, the method comprising receiving marking information, representing the marking information as a 2-coordinate vector, denoted ?, where the 2-coordinates are denoted, respectively, ?, ?, such that ?=(?, ?), providing a video frame to be marked, the video frame including a plurality of pixels, each pixel of the plurality of pixels being represented as p, where p=(x, y), x and y including coordinates of pixel p, the plurality of pixels being represented as a triad of color elements, denoted, respectively, as R, G, and B, and marking the video frame by transforming each pixel among the plurality of pixels as follows R?(p)=R(p)+R>, G?(p)=G(p)+G>, and B?(p)=B(p)+B>, where R> represents a dot product operation on p and ?R, G> represents a dot product operation on p and ?G, and B> represents a dot product operation on p and ?B.