Abstract: A manhole monitoring unit includes a housing mountable to walls of a closed manhole, without breaching an insulating layer on the walls, a data processor to receive data from monitoring sensors in the manhole, and a communication unit at least for transmitting wirelessly the data to an external network unit located above ground. A manhole monitoring and control unit includes a housing mountable to walls of a closed sewage manhole, without breaching the walls, a data processor to receive data from monitoring sensors in the manhole and to control actuators according to high level network commands, and a communication unit for transmitting wirelessly the data to an external network unit located above ground and receiving commands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for providing a combined monitoring over a toll-container sealing, weighing-container sealing, or border crossing-container sealing, which comprises: (a) a plurality of combined toll-seal, weighing-seal or border crossing-seal interrogators, which are mounted along highways, said interrogators transmitting a same interrogating signal in a same standardized communication protocol and at the same operating frequencies, by all interrogators; (b) a plurality of toll, weighing, or border crossing, whichever is the case, transponders which are installed in vehicles, and a plurality of container sealing transponders which are installed in containers, said sealing transponders by receiving interrogation signal transmit a sealing response signal which is distinct from corresponding toll, weighing, or border crossing response signals transmitted by toll, weighing, or border crossing transponders; (c) decoding means within each interrogator for receiving and decoding response signals, a