Abstract: A nanoscopic structure is provided, presenting a paramagnetic and spin selective material for spintronics. The structure comprises organic molecules absorbed on and extending from a surface of an electrically conductive film, wherein said organic molecules contain a binding group forming a chemical bond to said surface and form a self-assembled monolayer on said surface.

Abstract: An apparatus (1) for optical inspection of an article(s) is presented. The apparatus utilizes near-field illumination, and comprises a light source unit (4) generating incident light, a detector unit (14), a fiber bundle for directing (16C) the incident light onto a substantially large surface area (2A) of the article and collecting light (16B) returned from the illuminated surface area, and a control means (28). The control means comprises sensing means consisting of at least three tips for atomic force (AFM) or current tunneling (STM) measurement at sample surface, and is capable of adjusting the position of the fiber bundle relative to the surface of the article.

Abstract: There is provided a three-dimensional imaging system (2), including a first camera (6) and a second camera (8), both facing a field of view of two-dimensional images and a normally open, fast gating device (12) interposed between the second camera (8) and the field of view (14 and 26). The system further includes a frame grabber (10) connected to the first and the second camera, and a computer (14) for receiving signals representing, pixel by pixel, light intensities of an image during a predetermined period of time and signals representing same pixel by pixel of light intensities arriving at the second camera until the fast gating device (12) is closed, and for determining three-dimensional imaging signals therefrom to eventually be displayed. A method for producing three-dimensional imaging is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a low-vacuum mass specrometer for use as gas analyzer, including a drift tube having a gas inlet and an ionization region at one end thereof, a power source for supplying the required high tension, a vacuum pump connectable to the drift tube to maintain a level of vacuum of up to 1 Torr, and a detector located at the other end of the drift tube, wherein the detector is a multisphere plate comprised of a multilayer arrangement of beads bonded together in a substantially close-packing order.