Abstract: A method of performing state estimation for a microgrid system includes: obtaining a general quantum state estimation model for swing-bus-contained microgrid systems; establishing a state estimation formulation through quantum language; assigning quantum registers used during a quantum state estimation iteration; generating a quantum-circuit-based state estimation solver for performing quantum phase estimation, controlled rotation, and inverse quantum phase estimation; generating a preconditioned quantum linear solver for an ill-conditioned state estimation iteration; iteratively optimizing voltage and residual vectors while iteratively updating preconditioned errors by the state estimation solver, the optimizing and updating iterations continuing until the linear solver reaches convergence; obtaining a quantum state estimation model for hierarchical-based microgrid systems including droop and/or secondary control modes; establishing an enhanced quantum state estimation framework including the state estimatio

Abstract: A quantum-key distributed (QKD)-enabled communication architecture it devises for networked microgrids (NMGs). A real-time QKD-enabled NMGs testbed built in an RTDS environment, and a novel two-level key pool sharing (TLKPS) strategy it designs to improve the system resilience against cyberattacks. In the QKD-based microgrid testbed design there is used a real-time power system simulator, i.e., RTDS, including the QKD modeling, hardware connection, communication network design, and QKD integration. By integrating QKD features into a real-time microgrid simulator, this testbed offers a flexible and programmable testing environment for evaluating the performance of QKD-enabled microgrids under a variety of scenarios.

Abstract: A software-defined control (SDC)-enabled microgrid system includes a physical plane having multiple distributed energy resources (DERs), the DERs being operatively coupled together via a bus, and a control plane. The control plane includes at least one virtual controller running on a hardware server in the control plane, a system analysis module in communication with the physical plane, and an SDC manager coupled with the virtual controller and the system analysis module. The virtual controller includes multiple software-defined functional modules configured to control prescribed parameters of the microgrid. The system analysis module is configured to generate system analytics information as a function of operational information associated with one or more DERs in the physical plane. The SDC manager is configured to generate one or more virtual controllers for controlling an operation of at least a subset of the DERs in the physical plane as a function of the system analytics information.