Abstract: A directory management method and system for a file system based on Cuckoo hash are provided, including the steps of reading metadata of a sub-directory or a sub-file, used as a target file, in a directory: receiving a request for reading the target file in the directory; for the target file, determining an ith candidate data block, in a hash table of the directory according to a hash calculation result obtained by performing hash calculation on a filename filename of the target file according to an ith hash function of Cuckoo hash iteratively; if the filename filename of the target file exists in the ith candidate data block, reading metadata of the target file and returning the metadata, and ending the process; otherwise, continuing to iterate until the iteration ends and returning a message that the target file does not exist.