Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to chemical sensing devices and associated methods. In one example, a chemical sensing device can include a substrate; an elongated nanostructure having an attachment end and a free end opposite the attachment end, the attachment end affixed to the substrate and the free end including a metal; and a metal oxide coating applied to the elongated nanostructure. In one example, a functional group can be attached to the coating via a covalent bond.

Abstract: According to an example, methods for forming three-dimensional (3-D) nano-particle assemblies may include depositing surface-enhanced spectroscopy (SES) elements onto respective tips of nano-fingers, in which the nano-fingers are arranged in sufficiently close proximities to each other to enable the tips of groups of adjacent ones of the nano-fingers to come into sufficiently close proximities to each other to enable the SES elements on the tips to be bonded together when the nano-fingers are partially collapsed. The methods also include causing the nano-fingers to partially collapse toward adjacent ones of the nano-fingers to cause a plurality of SES elements on respective groups of the nano-fingers to be in relatively close proximities to each other and form respective clusters of SES elements, introducing additional particles that are to attach onto the clusters of SES elements, and causing the clusters of SES elements to detach from the nano-fingers.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes an inner charge generation layer for generating charges and an outer charge transport layer for facilitating charge transport. The charge transport layer comprises a semi-interpenetrating hole-transport polymer or oligomer network in which the polymer or oligomer is cross-linked. A process for forming a charge transport layer in an organic photoconductor is also provided.

Abstract: A pigment-based ink comprises: a non-polar carrier fluid; and pigment particles suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. The pigment particles are coated with a metal oxide that is modified with at least one silane coupling agent to introduce functional groups, steric stabilizers or both. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink is provided, as is a method for modifying the pigment particles.

Abstract: According to an example, an apparatus for performing spectroscopy includes a parabolic reflector and a plurality of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) elements spaced from the parabolic reflector and positioned substantially at a focal point of the parabolic reflector. The parabolic reflector is to reflect Raman scattered light emitted from molecules in a near field generated by the plurality of SERS elements to substantially increase the flux of the Raman scattered light emitted out of the apparatus.

Abstract: A doped protective coating for extending a lifetime of an organic photoconductor is provided. The coating includes an in-situ cross-linked polymer matrix and a substantially uniformly distributed dopant therein. The dopant comprises a charge transport molecular species. A process for coating the organic photoconductor and a coated organic photoconductor are also disclosed.

Abstract: Pigment based inks are provided. The inks include a non-polar carrier fluid; and a surface-functionalized pigment particle including a nitrogen-inked moiety to the surface of the pigment particle through a nitrogen link at one end of the nitrogen-linked moiety and a segment copolymer having at least two blocks attached at another end, the pigment particle suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink employing the pigment and a process for making the pigment-based inks are also provided.

Abstract: A memristor structure has two electrodes sandwiching an insulating region, and includes a nanoparticle providing a conducting path between the two electrodes, wherein either the insulating region comprises an inorganic material and nanoparticle comprises a solid nanoparticle or a core/shell nanoparticle or the insulating region comprises an inorganic or organic material and the nanoparticle comprises a core/shell nanoparticle.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to coated photoconductors. In an example, a coated photoconductor can comprise a photoconductor including a substrate having a charge generation layer and charge transport layer adhered thereto and a top coating adhered to the photoconductor. The top coating can comprise a cross-linkable polymer, a cross-linker, and a polymeric dopant having a weight average molecular weight of less than 500,000. Additionally, the top coating can have a thickness of 0.1 ?m to 12 ?m and the polymeric dopant can be present in the top coating at a concentration of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.

Abstract: According to an example, an apparatus for performing spectroscopy includes a structure having an opening. The apparatus also includes a plurality of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) elements positioned within the structure and a porous membrane covering the opening and the plurality of SERS elements. The porous membrane is to allow a predetermined analyte to reach the SERS elements while substantially preventing other analytes from reaching the SERS elements.

Abstract: Pigment-based inks are provided. The inks include a non-polar carrier fluid and pigment particles suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. The pigment particles have tri-block copolymer grafts. Each tri-block copolymer graft comprises a tri-block copolymer having three portions: an inner block attached to the pigment particle, a middle block, and an outer block, wherein the inner and outer blocks each contain bulky organic groups to help facilitate solubility of the functionalized polymers in the non-polar solvent and to provide steric stabilization of the resulting particle dispersion in the non-polar solvent, and wherein the middle block contains either acidic or basic functionalized side groups that facilitate charging of the pigment particle. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink employing the pigment and a process for making the pigment-based inks are also provided.

Abstract: A scattering spectroscopy nanosensor includes a nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate to produce an optical scattering response signal indicative of a presence of an analyte when interrogated by an optical stimulus. The scattering spectroscopy nanosensor further includes a protective covering to cover and protect the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate. The protective covering is to be selectably removed by exposure to an optical beam incident on the protective covering. The protective covering is to prevent the analyte from interacting with the nanoscale-patterned sensing substrate prior to being removed.

Abstract: A reflective color display pixel has a top surface for receiving ambient light, and a plurality of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel has a broadband mirror and a luminescent layer disposed over the broadband mirror. The luminescent layer contains a luminescent material for absorbing a portion of the ambient light and emitting light of a first color, and a light-absorbing material for absorbing light of wavelengths longer than a wavelength of the first color.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer over the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer over the charge generation layer; and an overcoat layer over the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer comprises a cross-linked polyacrylate that includes a charge transport material dispersed therein and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

Abstract: Pigment based inks are provided. The inks include a non-polar carrier fluid and a surface-functionalized pigment particle including a nitrogen-linked moiety to the surface of the pigment particle through a nitrogen link at one end of the nitrogen-linked moiety and a graft copolymer having two or three blocks attached at another end, the pigment particle suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid, the nitrogen-linked moiety further including an alkyl chain interposed between the nitrogen-linked moiety and the graft copolymer having the structure (I), where X is the nitrogen-linked moiety and Y is a copolymer, and the letter a is an integer between 0 and about 5,000, while the letter b is an integer of 2 or more.

Abstract: A compound is disclosed. The compound has the general structure: wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons including nitrogen in the carbon backbone, and hydrocarbons including oxygen in the carbon backbone; wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear hydrocarbons, branched hydrocarbons, and cyclic hydrocarbons and wherein R1 and R2 are not both hydrogen; wherein X is selected from the group consisting of CH2, O, N—R3, S, and nothing and wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, branched hydrocarbons, linear hydrocarbons, and cyclic hydrocarbons; wherein m is an integer between 1 and 50, inclusive; wherein n is an integer between 1 and 10,000, inclusive; and wherein p, q, and z are each independently an integer greater than 0.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer formed on the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer formed on the charge generation layer; and a protective coating formed on the charge transport layer. The protective coating comprises nanoparticles incorporated in an in-situ cross-linked polymer matrix. A process for increasing mechanical strength in an organic photoconductor is also provided.

Abstract: Pigment based inks are provided. The inks include a non-polar carrier fluid; and a surface-functionalized pigment particle including a nitrogen-inked moiety to the surface of the pigment particle through a nitrogen link at one end of the nitrogen-linked moiety and a block copolymer having at least two blocks attached at another end, the pigment particle suspended in the non-polar carrier fluid. A combination of an electronic display and an electronic ink employing the pigment and a process for making the pigment-based inks are also provided.

Abstract: An alcohol-soluble organic coating including a hole transport material formed on a surface of organic photoconductor is provided. The coating comprises a cationic alternate fluorene-based copolymer with phosphonium salt terminal groups embedded in an in-situ cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: An organic photoconductor includes: a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer on the conductive substrate; and a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer. An overcoat layer is formed on the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer is a latex polymer in which a charge transport material is dispersed.