Abstract: A switched-mode power supply includes an input, an output, and a transformer including primary and secondary windings. The power supply also includes a synchronous rectifier coupled to selectively conduct current through the secondary winding of the transformer. The synchronous rectifier includes a source, a gate and a drain terminal. The power supply further includes a controller having a supply voltage terminal and a gate terminal to supply a control signal to the gate of the synchronous rectifier, and a circuit coupled between the supply voltage terminal of the controller and at least one of the gate terminal of the controller and the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to supply power from the gate terminal of the controller or the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to the supply voltage terminal of the controller. Methods of supplying power in switched-mode power supplies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A power supply comprises a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a bridge circuit coupled to the primary winding of the transformer, a first rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, and a second rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer. The bridge circuit comprises a plurality of switches. The power supply also comprises a first sensor assembly coupled to generate a first error signal representing a difference between currents in the first rail and the second rail. A controller is configured to alter a duty cycle of a first switch of the plurality of switches relative to a duty cycle of a second switch of the plurality of switches based on the first error signal.

Abstract: A switched-mode power supply includes an input, an output, and a transformer including primary and secondary windings. The power supply also includes a synchronous rectifier coupled to selectively conduct current through the secondary winding of the transformer. The synchronous rectifier includes a source, a gate and a drain terminal. The power supply further includes a controller having a supply voltage terminal and a gate terminal to supply a control signal to the gate of the synchronous rectifier, and a circuit coupled between the supply voltage terminal of the controller and at least one of the gate terminal of the controller and the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to supply power from the gate terminal of the controller or the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to the supply voltage terminal of the controller. Methods of supplying power in switched-mode power supplies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A switched-mode power supply includes an input, an output, and a transformer including primary and secondary windings. The power supply also includes a synchronous rectifier coupled to selectively conduct current through the secondary winding of the transformer. The synchronous rectifier includes a source, a gate and a drain terminal. The power supply further includes a controller having a supply voltage terminal and a gate terminal to supply a control signal to the gate of the synchronous rectifier, and a circuit coupled between the supply voltage terminal of the controller and at least one of the gate terminal of the controller and the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to supply power from the gate terminal of the controller or the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to the supply voltage terminal of the controller. Methods of supplying power in switched-mode power supplies are also disclosed.

Abstract: A power supply comprises a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a bridge circuit coupled to the primary winding of the transformer, a first rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, and a second rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer. The bridge circuit comprises a plurality of switches. The power supply also comprises a first sensor assembly coupled to generate a first error signal representing a difference between currents in the first rail and the second rail. A controller is configured to alter a duty cycle of a first switch of the plurality of switches relative to a duty cycle of a second switch of the plurality of switches based on the first error signal.

Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, resonant converter power supplies and control methods for reducing unbalanced currents in resonant power supplies are disclosed. Example resonant converter power supplies include an input, an output, a transformer, and a bridge circuit coupled between the input and a primary winding of the transformer. The power supply also includes first and second rectifier rails each coupled between a secondary winding of the transformer and the output, and at least one sensor coupled to generate an error signal representing unbalanced currents in the first and second rectifier ails. The power supply further includes a controller configured to receive the error signal, and adjust a duty cycle of at least one of a first switch and a second switch of the bridge circuit based on the error signal to reduce the unbalanced currents in the first and second rectifier rails.

Abstract: According to some aspects of the present disclosure, resonant converter power supplies and control methods for reducing unbalanced currents in resonant power supplies are disclosed. Example resonant converter power supplies include an input, an output, a transformer, and a bridge circuit coupled between the input and a primary winding of the transformer. The power supply also includes first and second rectifier rails each coupled between a secondary winding of the transformer and the output, and at least one sensor coupled to generate an error signal representing unbalanced currents in the first and second rectifier rails. The power supply further includes a controller configured to receive the error signal, and adjust a duty cycle of at least one of a first switch and a second switch of the bridge circuit based on the error signal to reduce the unbalanced currents in the first and second rectifier rails.

Abstract: A switched-mode power supply includes an input, an output, and a transformer including primary and secondary windings. The power supply also includes a synchronous rectifier coupled to selectively conduct current through the secondary winding of the transformer. The synchronous rectifier includes a source, a gate and a drain terminal. The power supply further includes a controller having a supply voltage terminal and a gate terminal to supply a control signal to the gate of the synchronous rectifier, and a circuit coupled between the supply voltage terminal of the controller and at least one of the gate terminal of the controller and the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to supply power from the gate terminal of the controller or the drain terminal of the synchronous rectifier to the supply voltage terminal of the controller. Methods of supplying power in switched-mode power supplies are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of shoot apical meristem transformation for dicot plant via sufficient and micro wounding (SMW). The technical process includes: germinate the seeds in Petri dish or in the nutrient matrix which can be transplanted with the seedling; expose the shoot apical meristem by removing one cotyledon away; make sufficient and micro wounding transformation treatment in vivo to the apical meristem by stabbing and brushing for 2-3 times using the SMW brush having 100-5000 bristles which is 4-20 ?m in diameter for each one and 0.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of shoot apical meristem transformation for monocot plant via sufficient and micro wounding (SMW). The technical process includes: expose the apical meristem by removing the coleoptile away when the shoot grows to 0.2-2 cm after 1-2 days of seed germination; make sufficient and micro wounding transformation to the apical meristem by stabbing and brushing for 2-3 times using the SMW brush having 100-5000 bristles which is 4-20 ?m in diameter for each one and 0.5-3 mm in exposed length, and dipped with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing binary vector harboring exogenous genes; develop the treated meristems directly to normal plants after co-cultivation; promote the plants to develop big spikes and set more seeds; harvest the seeds of T0 plants separately; detect and identify the transformation results in T1 generation which is bred from each individual T0 plant.