Abstract: Methods, data structures, and systems are provided for encoding communication data. The methods allow an application to compose communication data in any language and using any characters it wishes. One method constructs a Bitmask Table that includes Bitmask Character Values for each character represented in a national character where the Bitmask Character Value represents which National Character Set among a group of National Character Sets can be used to encode communication data containing a particular character, with adjustments for characters represented in East-Asian Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) languages. Another method encodes the communication data, by utilizing the Bitmask Table, in a format that conforms to data communication standards and interoperates with most third party recipient clients worldwide.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for providing history support in a stateless Web-based application. These methods and systems allow a browser to interface with one or multiple data frames via a common history frame that facilitates providing navigation history support and facilitates rendering data to the browser user interface. By utilizing the common history frame, the methods and systems of the present invention provide navigation history capabilities in a stateless Web-based application.