Abstract: A method of surface modification in fabricating High Temperature Superconducting devices, characterized in that bombarding the preformed material surface with a particle beam having energy, to improve the smoothness of the material surface and change the microstructure or internal defects of the processed material, wherein the energy of the particle beam is in the range of 5 ev to 50000 ev, and the incidence angle is in the range of 5 degree to 85 degree. In some cases, in order to achieve the desired superconductivity, the bombarded sample is annealed, and the annealing temperature is in the range of 100° C. to 1500° C. The present invention can improve the surface smoothness of the processed material, reduce the surface defect, change the microstructure of the material, and thereby improve the superconductivity of the whole device.

Abstract: A structural arrangement of superconducting composites is provided to protect their superconductivity in such a way that these composites are electrically connected in a certain manner. The invention may be practiced with any desired superconducting material, and bismuth based superconducting materials are preferred. The shape and size of the superconducting composites may vary.

Abstract: A method and article for producing a high transition temperature superconducting tape or wire with a normal metal sheath and at least two surface layers, an inner electrically insulating layer and an outer low friction layer. The method includes mechanical deformation and a plurality of annealing steps, and the application of at least one surface layer after the final annealing step. The coating materials are selected based on their electrical insulation and friction, as well as their compatibility with cryogenic conditions and coating methods.

Abstract: A method of preparing a metal tube for a length of superconducting wire Inserts superconducting base material into the tube and packs or coils the tube so that a portion of its outer surface would contact another surface. To prevent the portion of the outer surface from sticking to the other surface, the portion is coated with powder material particles suspended in an effectively liquid component before the packing or coiling so that the surfaces do not contact each other. The powder material has a melting point temperature higher than the melting point temperature of the tube and the liquid component evaporates or burns away completely at the temperature that forms the superconducting phase of the superconducting base material.