Abstract: A surface treatment process for a metal article includes the following steps. Firstly, a metal article, made of at least one of copper and an alloy thereof, is provided. Secondly, a surface of the metal article is degreased. Thirdly, the surface of the metal article is activated in an acid solution. Finally, the surface of the metal article is deactivated by submersion in an antioxidant agent.

Abstract: A cleaning agent for metal parts (e.g., steel articles) includes sodium hydroxide in an approximate amount of 15 wt % (percent by weight) to 25 wt %, sodium tripolyphosphate in an approximate amount of 6 wt % to 9 wt %, sodium metasilicate in an approximate amount of 48 wt % to 51 wt %, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in an approximate amount of 2 wt % to 5 wt %, sodium carbonate in an approximate amount of 8 wt % to 11 wt %, and alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in an approximate amount of 1 wt % to 4 wt %.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for a metal article includes the following steps. Firstly, a metal article, made of at least one of copper and an alloy thereof, is provided. Secondly, a surface of the metal article is degreased. Thirdly, the surface of the metal article is activated in an acid solution. Finally, the surface of the metal article is deactivated by submersion in an antioxidant agent.

Abstract: A surface cleaner for metal parts (e.g., steel articles) is an aqueous solution, which contains a component of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) from approximately 15 wt % (percent by weight) to approximately 25 wt %, a measurable component of ferrous ions (Fe2+) less than about 5 wt %, and water. Due to the beneficial composition of the surface cleaner, contaminants (e.g., oils, lubrications, and rust) can easily be removed from the surfaces of the metal parts, especially steel parts.

Abstract: A TV receiving antenna with broad band and capable of connecting with a coaxial cable comprising a sheet of electrically non-conductive synthetic plastic material; a pair of antenna elements of metallic foil in the shape of substantially a triangle or a combination of a triangle and a rectangle being superimposed on one side of said sheet, a pair of frequency compensating members of snake-shaped strip line of metallic foil connected to said antenna elements respectively being superimposed on the one side of said sheet; a pair of antenna elements of metallic foil in the shape of a trapezoid or a combination of a trapezoid and a rectangle being superimposed on the opposite side of said sheet; a pair of frequency compensating members of snake-shaped strip line of metallic foil connected to said antenna elements respectively being superimposed on the opposite side of said sheet; and impedance transformers of microstrip lines of metallic foil on each side of said sheet also superimposed for matching the antenna el