Abstract: According to an embodiment, an update control apparatus is to control update of software in a terminal connected to a network. The update control apparatus includes a first communication circuit, a second communication circuit, and a processor. The first communication circuit is configured to communicate with a server located outside the network. The second communication circuit is configured to communicate with the terminal through the network. The processor is configured to: receive update data to update the software from the server using the first communication circuit; transmit the update data to the terminal, as well as receive an update result indicating whether update of the software has succeeded, together with verification data, from the terminal using the second communication circuit; and verify, using the verification data, whether the update result is proper data.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an update control device includes a first communication circuit, a second communication circuit, and a processor. The first communication circuit is configured to receive patch data for each block of the software and first authentication data for each block for authenticating software in a terminal updated using the patch data on a per-block basis. The second communication circuit is configured to transmit the patch data and the first authentication data to the terminal on a per-block basis and receive an update result for each block from the terminal. The processor is configured to request the terminal to perform rollback processing for restoring a first block to an (M?1)th block using the patch data used to update the first block to the (M?1)th block of the software, upon receipt of an update result indicating a failure in authenticating an Mth block (M>1) from the terminal.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an update control apparatus is to control update of software in a terminal connected to a network. The update control apparatus includes a first communication circuit, a second communication circuit, and a processor. The first communication circuit is configured to communicate with a server located outside the network. The second communication circuit is configured to communicate with the terminal through the network. The processor is configured to: receive update data to update the software from the server using the first communication circuit; transmit the update data to the terminal, as well as receive an update result indicating whether update of the software has succeeded, together with verification data, from the terminal using the second communication circuit; and verify, using the verification data, whether the update result is proper data.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication system includes a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus. The transmitting apparatus generates a pseudorandom number based on an algorithm, synchronously with the receiving apparatus; generates a communication frame identifier including a frame identifier indicating a type of a communication frame and the pseudorandom number to generate the communication frame; and transmits the communication frame.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication apparatus connected to a bus in which a second bit has higher priority than a first bit, the communication apparatus includes one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to obtain first information. The one or more processors are configured to generate second information in which the first information is set at a predetermined position and a predetermined bit string including the first bit is set at a position other than the predetermined position. And the one or more processors are configured to transmit communication data including the second information.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a communication system includes a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus. The transmitting apparatus generates a pseudorandom number based on an algorithm, synchronously with the receiving apparatus; generates a communication frame identifier Including a frame identifier indicating a type of a communication frame and the pseudorandom number to generate the communication frame; and transmits the communication frame.