Abstract: Without limitation, a method for preventing and/or treating neuropathic pain in a subject/patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells to the subject/patient and a method of treating cancer in a subject/patient in need thereof, comprises administering a combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells and a chemotherapeutic agent.

Abstract: Without limitation, a method for preventing and/or treating neuropathic pain in a subject/patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells to the subject/patient and a method of treating cancer in a subject/patient in need thereof, comprises administering a combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells and a chemotherapeutic agent.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise a method and kit for the treatment and prevention of stroke by administering a therapeutically effective combination of mammalian exosomes and/or microvesicles, collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles, and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), and/or a thrombectomy procedure, to a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments comprise a method and kit for the treatment and prevention of cerebrovascular injury caused by a stroke by administering a therapeutically effective combination of mammalian exosomes, Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA), and/or a thrombectomy procedure, to a subject in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a therapeutically effective amount of a combination comprising mammalian exosomes and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) to a subject in need thereof; the mammalian exosomes containing one or more microRNAs selected from miR-19a, miR-21, and miR-146a.

Abstract: Without limitation, a method for preventing and/or treating neuropathic pain in a subject/patient comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells to the subject/patient and a method of treating cancer in a subject/patient in need thereof, comprises administering a combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of exosomes derived and isolated from mammalian cells and a chemotherapeutic agent.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and compositions to promote, improve and/or increase neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, or neurological outcome or function in a patient in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more of a group comprising microRNA-146a, exosomes comprising microRNA-146a, a promoter of microRNA-146a expression, a microRNA-146a thymosin beta 4, and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor to treat neurological conditions, diseases, or injuries in mammals, including in human beings.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and compositions to promote, improve and/or increase neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, or neurological outcome or function in a patient in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more of a group comprising microRNA-146a, exosomes comprising microRNA-146a, a promoter of microRNA-146a expression, a microRNA-146a thymosin beta 4, and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor to treat neurological conditions, diseases, or injuries in mammals, including in human beings.

Abstract: Without limitation, some embodiments comprise a method of treatment for promoting recovery of peripheral neuropathy in a subject, including administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprised of thymosin beta 4, amino acid sequences LKKTET or LKKTNT, and/or any conservative variants thereof, or an agent that stimulates production of any of those materials, or a conservative variant thereof.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and compositions to promote, improve and/or increase neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, or neurological outcome or function in a patient in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more of a group comprising microRNA-146a, a promoter of microRNA-146a expression, a microRNA-146a mimic, thymosin beta 4, and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor to treat neurological conditions, disease, or injury in mammals, including in human beings.

Abstract: Some embodiments comprise methods, systems, and compositions to promote, improve and/or increase neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte differentiation, or neurological outcome or function in a patient in need thereof. Some embodiments also comprise the administration a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of one or more of a group comprising microRNA-146a, a promoter of microRNA-146a expression, a microRNA-146a mimic, thymosin beta 4, and a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor to treat neurological conditions, disease, or injury in mammals, including in human beings.

Abstract: Thymosin ?4 can be used to treat neuronal and brain injuries that are accompanied by neuronal cell death or injury, including injuries caused by stroke or trauma and injuries caused by neurological and neurodegenerative disease. In particular, stroke and multiple sclerosis are examples of conditions which may be ameliorated by treatment with thymosin ?4. Thymosin ?4 has been found to restore neurological tissue through several effects on several neurological parameters which are improved by administration of thymosin ?4 to a subject in need of neurological tissue restoration. For example, thymosin ?4 improves axonal myelination, migration of neural progenitor cells, neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neurons, differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature glia, nerve regeneration, and brain remodeling at locations of brain injury.

Abstract: Without limitation, some embodiments comprise a method of treatment for promoting recovery of peripheral neuropathy in a subject, including administering to a subject in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprised of thymosin beta 4, amino acid sequences LKKTET or LKKTNT, and/or any conservative variants thereof, or an agent that stimulates production of any of those materials, or a conservative variant thereof.

Abstract: Thymosin ?4 can be used to treat neuronal and brain injuries that are accompanied by neuronal cell death or injury, including injuries caused by stroke or trauma and injuries caused by neurological and neurodegenerative disease. In particular, stroke and multiple sclerosis are examples of conditions which may be ameliorated by treatment with thymosin ?4. Thymosin ?4 has been found to restore neurological tissue through several effects on several neurological parameters which are improved by administration of thymosin ?4 to a subject in need of neurological tissue restoration. For example, thymosin ?4 improves axonal myelination, migration of neural progenitor cells, neural progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature neurons, differentiation of neural progenitor cells into mature glia, nerve regeneration, and brain remodeling at locations of brain injury.

Abstract: A composition for locating tumors, the composition includes stem cells. Stem cells for use in locating and treating tumors. A method of locating and treating a tumor by administering to a patient an effective amount of stem cells, wherein the stem cells locate and subsequently treat a tumor.

Abstract: A composition for locating tumors, the composition includes stem cells. Stem cells for use in locating and treating tumors. A method of locating and treating a tumor by administering to a patient an effective amount of stem cells, wherein the stem cells locate and subsequently treat a tumor.