Abstract: Light emitting devices (LED) and methods of fabricating such, comprising a substrate, a light extraction structure, and an emitting layer sandwiched between a plurality of semiconductor layers of the first and the second type. The said extraction structure is processed into preferred geometric shapes using preferred methods.

Abstract: A radiant energy concentrating or collimating system comprising an enclosure that shields its contents from environmental effects while allowing radiant energy to transmit through its top window; a plurality of energy concentrating or collimating assemblies, each on its own pivot mechanism and each comprising a plurality of optics, a support structure and an energy conversion device that is mounted on a heat dissipating structure; a drive mechanism controlled by a microprocessor to rotate the said energy concentrating or collimating assemblies on two orthogonal axes in unison so the assemblies are oriented towards desired direction at any given time.