Abstract: A traction apparatus, comprising a clip portion (2) and a traction portion (1), the traction portion containing a closed traction structure (11); the closed traction structure being made from an elastic material; the clip portion comprising a main clip body (23, 25) and a clip arm (24, 26); the main clip body being capable of passing through a biopsy channel (4) of an endoscope (3), the clip arm being capable of clip the closed traction structure. Also disclosed is a traction ring used for the traction apparatus, the traction ring being a single closed traction structure or being formed by connecting several closed traction structures, the traction ring being made from an elastic material.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for digesting a biopolymer in a medium. The medium is disposed adjacent a wall of a hollow element wherein at least a portion of the wall is porous. The medium is then exposed to digestion conditions to cleave the biopolymer into fragments. The fragments are permitted to permeate through the wall of the hollow element. In some embodiments a surface of a wall of the hollow element comprises a digestion agent. In some embodiments the hollow element is disposed within a hollow liner. For analysis and identification purposes, the fragments may be separated and/or detected.

Abstract: Low-volume mixing includes introducing a sample into a container having at least one elastimeric section. The container is configured to leave a layer of gas between the sample and the elastomeric section. A portion of the elastomeric section is then urged into the layer of gas. The change in pressure of the gas layer thereby causes mixing of the sample. In various example embodiments, inner and outer surfaces of the elastomeric section have one or more convex portions and/or concave portions.

Abstract: A method for low volume mixing includes suspending particles in a solution having an analyte and agitating or heating the solution. Heating the solution heats the particles suspended in the solution, thereby increasing movement of the particles. The movement of the suspended particles mixes the analyte within the solution.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding liquid samples.

Abstract: An apparatus for holding liquid samples.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus for handling a liquid sample, wherein the apparatus includes integrated sample processing and sample evaluating components. The sample processing and evaluating components can include solid matrices that allow for optical measurement of a sample, or for the removal of contaminants from a sample. Methods for using the apparatus to handle liquid samples and evaluate sample components are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring and holding minimum size liquid samples with predetermined pathlength and methods using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for handling a liquid sample, wherein the apparatus includes integrated sample processing and sample evaluating components.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for concentrating one or more components in a fluid effluent, which comprises fractions comprising separated components of interest. The fluid effluent is passed through a concentration device comprising a hollow element comprising a wall at least a portion of which is porous wherein the hollow element is disposed in the interior of a hollow liner. Fluid effluent molecules are permitted to permeate through the wall of the hollow element so that component molecules are concentrated in remaining effluent, which exits the concentration device. The component or components may then be detected.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed for digesting a biopolymer in a medium. The medium is disposed adjacent a wall of a hollow element wherein at least a portion of the wall is porous. The medium is then exposed to digestion conditions to cleave the biopolymer into fragments. The fragments are permitted to permeate through the wall of the hollow element. In some embodiments a surface of a wall of the hollow element comprises a digestion agent. In some embodiments the hollow element is disposed within a hollow liner. For analysis and identification purposes, the fragments may be separated and/or detected.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer used to analyzing a sample. The spectrophotometer comprises a light source and a detector. An optical assembly defines at least one light path, the light path arranged to carry light from the light source through a sample, and received by the detector, wherein a pathlength of the light through the sample is varied by adjusting an angle of incidence of the light through the sample.

Abstract: A sample cell for retaining a fluid sample comprising a handle and parallel plates. The parallel plates are coupled to the handle and are spaced at a distance thereby defining a cavity which is open on at least three sides. The distance between the plates allows capillary action to draw and retain a fluid sample in the cavity. Methods of using the sample cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sample cell for retaining a fluid sample comprising a handle and parallel plates. The parallel plates are coupled to the handle and are spaced at a distance thereby defining a cavity which is open on at least three sides. The distance between the plates allows capillary action to draw and retain a fluid sample in the cavity. Methods of using the sample cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for depleting liquid in a porous solid phase. The liquid is disposed adjacent a porous solid phase and a controlled flow of a pressurized gas is applied to the disposed liquid sufficient to move the liquid through and substantially deplete the liquid from the porous solid phase wherein the controlled flow controls the rate of gas flow or the volume of gas flow. In some embodiments the porous solid phase is a porous membrane or a particle bed or monolithic support.

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring and holding minimum size liquid samples with predetermined pathlength and methods using the same.