Abstract: A method for testing burning performance of a dark-colored cigarette using a dark-colored cigarette paper is provided. The dark-colored cigarette paper has a grayscale less than 255. The method includes: simulating, by a robotic arm, a cigarette smoking process and environment; acquiring, by a full-vision camera system, an image of a burn line and ash column region of the dark-colored cigarette; and analyzing a burning performance indicator of the dark-colored cigarette according to coordinate information of the burn line and ash column region. The method is based on a surface reflection characteristic of the dark-colored cigarette paper and a principle of optical reflection to light and highlight an edge of the dark-colored cigarette sample by a light source at a certain angle from a side. In this way, the method forms a chromatic aberration to localize the dark-colored cigarette sample, thereby testing the burning performance of the dark-colored cigarette sample.

Abstract: This application discloses a relay selection method and apparatus, a relay information transmission method and apparatus, and a terminal, and pertains to the technical field of communications. The method in the embodiments of this application includes: receiving, by a remote terminal, first information sent by a relay terminal, where the first information includes at least one of a relay hop count N or quality of service (QoS) information of the relay terminal, N represents an Nth hop of the relay terminal in a relay link, and N is a positive integer; and performing, by the remote terminal, relay terminal selection based on the first information.

Abstract: A method for comprehensively analyzing and/or evaluating cigarette burning quality index is disclosed. The steps include collecting cigarette burning quality index data, filtering the cigarette burning quality index data, standardizing cigarette data, and measuring cigarette burning quality. The importance of the cigarette burning quality indicators can also be evaluated. The method for comprehensively analyzing and/or evaluating cigarette burning quality indicators can reflect general laws more accurately by maintaining the sample distribution through a singularity detection method, and analyzing correlations of each index with cigarette performance from multiple perspectives, to fuse them into a comprehensive measurement value. The importance ranking and weight of indicators can be obtained more completely and stably.

Abstract: An information processing method, a key material obtaining method, and a device are provided. The information processing method includes: a first network function receives capability indication information sent by a first terminal, where the capability indication information indicates that the first terminal does not have a secure storage function; the first network function performs at least one of the following based on the capability indication information: the first network function sends a kev material of the first terminal, or the first network function sends first information to a second terminal, where the first information is used for determining a first association relationship between the first terminal and the second terminal; and the key material of the first terminal includes security information required by the first terminal for communication.

Abstract: A key material sending method, a key material obtaining method, and an information transmission method are provided. The key material sending method includes: receiving, by a first network function, first information. The first information is used to determine a first mapping relationship between a first terminal and a second terminal. The method further includes sending, by the first network function, a key material of the first terminal according to the first mapping relationship. The key material of the first terminal includes: security information required by the first terminal for communication.

Abstract: This application discloses a processing method and an obtaining method for a key material, an information transmission method, and a device. The method for processing a key material includes: receiving, by a second terminal, first information, where the first information is used to determine a first association relationship between a first terminal and the second terminal; and sending, by the second terminal, a key material of the first terminal based on the first association relationship, where the key material of the first terminal includes security information required for communication performed by the first terminal.

Abstract: A method for testing burning performance of a dark-colored cigarette using a dark-colored cigarette paper is provided. The dark-colored cigarette paper has a grayscale less than 255. The method includes: simulating, by a robotic arm, a cigarette smoking process and environment; acquiring, by a full-vision camera system, an image of a burn line and ash column region of the dark-colored cigarette; and analyzing a burning performance indicator of the dark-colored cigarette according to coordinate information of the burn line and ash column region. The method is based on a surface reflection characteristic of the dark-colored cigarette paper and a principle of optical reflection to light and highlight an edge of the dark-colored cigarette sample by a light source at a certain angle from a side. In this way, the method forms a chromatic aberration to localize the dark-colored cigarette sample, thereby testing the burning performance of the dark-colored cigarette sample.

Abstract: A resource processing method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a storage medium are provided. The resource processing method in embodiments of this application includes: in a case of determining that a target service is in an inactive state, performing, on a target resource, target processing, including first target processing and second target processing. The first target processing includes: being up to implementation; maintaining a state of the target resource; releasing the target resource in a case that the target resource has been established; and establishing the target resource in a case that the target resource has not been established.

Abstract: A shared tunnel management method includes obtaining, by a first core network node, MBS capability information of at least one access network node. The MBS capability information is used for management of shared tunnel establishment.

Abstract: A resource release method includes when a first network node determines that a first condition is met, performing at least one of the following: releasing a first resource; or sending first data to a second network node; where the first data is used for at least one of the following: requesting a second network node to release the first resource; indicating the second network node to release the first resource; requesting the second network node to stop the data transmission of the first service; or indicating the second network node to stop the data transmission of the first service; where the first resource includes a resource used for the first service between the first network node and the second network node.

Abstract: A transmission switching method, a terminal, and a network-side device are provided. The transmission switching method according to embodiments of this application includes: sending, by a source base station, a first indication to a network-side device, where the network-side device includes a target base station and/or a core network function, the first indication is used to request a terminal to hand over from the source base station to the target base station, the first indication contains service information of a first service, and the service information of the first service is used to determine whether the target base station is within or out of a service area corresponding to the first service.

Abstract: This application discloses a method and apparatus for determining a communication mode, and a related device, and pertains to the field of communication technologies. The method for determining a communication mode in embodiments of this application includes: obtaining, by a terminal, first information, where the first information includes at least one of the following: a mapping relationship between first objects and relay communication modes, a user equipment routing selection policy URSP, a relay communication mode indicated by an application layer, or an existing relay communication mode of the terminal; the first object includes an application identifier or a service type; and the URSP carries a relay communication mode; and determining, by the terminal, a first relay communication mode based on the first information.

Abstract: A service data processing method and apparatus, and a device, and pertains to the field of communications technologies. The service data processing method in embodiments of the application includes: forwarding, by a source node based on an MBS capability of a target node, service data of a target multicast service to the target node through a data forwarding tunnel of a dedicated bearer of a terminal; where the terminal receives the target multicast service from the source node through a source multicast bearer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for triggering a non-unicast service operation, and network functions, which belong to the technical field of communications.

Abstract: This application discloses a PDU session establishment method, a related device, and a readable storage medium, and belongs to the field of communication technologies. The PDU session establishment method includes: sending, by relay UE, first information, where the first information indicates that a PDU session establishment request sent by the relay UE is used to request establishment of a relay PDU session, and the relay PDU session is used to relay service data of remote UE.

Abstract: A transmission method and apparatus, a device, and a readable storage medium are disclosed. The transmission method includes: performing a first behavior in a case that a terminal interested in a first service is within a first area.

Abstract: A data transmission method and apparatus and a network-side device, pertaining to the field of wireless communication technology, are provided. The method includes: sending, by a first network node, first data to a second network node, where the first data is at least one of the following: a first paging indication, a broadcast indication, or a group paging indication.

Abstract: This application discloses a relay communication method and apparatus, and pertains to the field of wireless communication technologies. The relay communication method performed by a first terminal includes: sending first information to a second terminal. The first information is used to indicate information related to a serving cell for the first terminal or used to indicate that mobility registration updating or radio access network-based notification area updating is performed by the second terminal.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus for a relay, a terminal, and a network side device are provided. The communication method includes: receiving, by first user equipment (UE), relationship information delivered from a network side, where the relationship information is used to indicate a trust relationship of the first UE; receiving, by the first UE, identification information sent by second UE; and based on the relationship information and the identification information, performing, by the first UE, relay connection or relay communication with the second UE, or refusing, by the first UE, to perform relay connection or relay communication with the second UE.

Abstract: A communication indication method and network side device are provided. The method includes: in a case that no data is received or transmitted through a connection specific to a user terminal, determining a Radio Resource Control (RRC) state of the user terminal based on at least one of the following: that the user terminal participates in a multicast service; a multicast service in which the user terminal participates; that data is received and/or transmitted for a multicast service in which the user terminal participates; that no data is received and/or transmitted for a multicast service in which the user terminal participates; or first assistance information transmitted by a first core network function, wherein the first assistance information is used for the access network device to control the RRC state of the user terminal.