Abstract: A transmitting device implements a method for recovering TCP segments. The transmitting device transmits a plurality of transmission control protocol (TCP) segments to a receiving device one by one in sequence. After the transmission of the TCP segments, the transmitting device receives one or more TCP responses sent by the receiving device. Based on the received one or more TCP responses, the transmitting device identifies one or more TCP segments having communication failures. After the one or more TCP segments are identified, the transmitting device generates a probe based on the identified one or more TCP segments. With the probe, the transmitting device transmits a recovery TCP segment carrying the probe to the receiving device.

Abstract: A method for guaranteeing control traffic throughput in an in-band network configured for delivering control and data traffic, and considering both local and global views of the communication network. The method includes determining an initial configuration for forwarding first control traffic from the packet forwarding device, wherein the initial configuration comprises a first in-band queue for receiving the first control traffic that is delivered over the control path to the controller via a port in the packet forwarding device, and a first bandwidth reserved for the first queue. The method includes performing handshaking with the controller by sending a request to the controller confirming the initial configuration using a network control protocol, and receiving a response from the controller in association with the request. The method includes confirming or modifying the initial configuration based on the response.

Abstract: A network switch comprising a plurality of ports each comprising a plurality of queues, and a processor coupled to the plurality of ports, the processor configured to obtain a packet traveling along a path from a source to a destination, determine a reverse path port positioned along a reverse path from the destination to the source, obtain a queue occupancy counter from the packet, the queue occupancy counter indicating an aggregate congestion of queues along the reverse path, and update the queue occupancy counter with congestion data of the queues for the reverse path port.

Abstract: A method implemented in a boundary device located in a first network, the method comprises receiving a first frame from a first node located in a second network, detecting a format of the first frame, wherein the format is compatible with the first node, but is incompatible with a second node located in the first network, converting the first frame to a second frame, wherein the second frame is in a second format that is compatible with the second node, but is incompatible with the first node, and transmitting the second frame towards the second node. A method comprises receiving an overlay management control network (OMCN) frame from a source node located in an OMCN, converting the OMCN frame to an Ethernet frame so that the converting is transparent to a non-OMCN, and transmitting the Ethernet frame towards a destination node located in the non-OMCN.

Abstract: An embodiment method of service chaining in a software defined network (SDN) having SDN switches includes receiving a service chain requirement having a plurality of services. Respective tunnels are then defined for the plurality of services. The method then configures the SDN switches to establish the respective tunnels and form a tunnel chain.

Abstract: A method for guaranteeing control traffic throughput in an in-band network configured for delivering control and data traffic, and considering both local and global views of the communication network. The method includes determining an initial configuration for forwarding first control traffic from the packet forwarding device, wherein the initial configuration comprises a first in-band queue for receiving the first control traffic that is delivered over the control path to the controller via a port in the packet forwarding device, and a first bandwidth reserved for the first queue. The method includes performing handshaking with the controller by sending a request to the controller confirming the initial configuration using a network control protocol, and receiving a response from the controller in association with the request. The method includes confirming or modifying the initial configuration based on the response.

Abstract: An apparatus is configured to perform a method for congestion control in an Ethernet network. The method includes determining an egress queue congestion state for each of a plurality of egress queues. The method also includes determining an ingress queue congestion state for each of a plurality of ingress queues. The method further includes determining a flow control state for at least one of the ingress queues based on the determined egress queue congestion states and ingress queue congestion states. In addition, the method includes transmitting a flow control message to the at least one ingress queue based on the determined flow control state.

Abstract: An embodiment method of service chaining in a software defined network (SDN) having SDN switches includes receiving a service chain requirement having a plurality of services. Respective tunnels are then defined for the plurality of services. The method then configures the SDN switches to establish the respective tunnels and form a tunnel chain.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of controlled polymerization of cyclic compounds catalyzed by carbene derivatives having a general formula as shown below, and to obtain a biodegradable polymeric material having a large molecular weight, a narrow dispersity, and no metallic impurity.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of making polylactic acid using carbon dioxide adducts of carbenes, wherein the adducts of carbenes have a structure represented by formula (I) as follows:

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing polylactic acid and its products using a twin-screw extruder, comprising the step of mixing carbon dioxide adducts of carbene and lactide, and obtaining polylactic acid and its products via reactive extrusion using a twin-screw extruder.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of making polylactic acid using carbon dioxide adducts of carbenes, wherein the adducts of carbenes have a structure represented by formula (I) as follows:

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing polylactic acid and its products using a twin-screw extruder, comprising the step of mixing carbon dioxide adducts of carbene and lactide, and obtaining polylactic acid and its products via reactive extrusion using a twin-screw extruder.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods of controlled polymerization of cyclic compounds catalyzed by carbene derivatives having a general formula as shown below, and to obtain a biodegradable polymeric material having a large molecular weight, a narrow dispersity, and no metallic impurity.