Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying mammals (e.g., humans) having cancer cells with an elevated level of phosphorylated Ub polypeptides (e.g., an elevated level of Y59 phosphorylated Ub polypeptides). For example, methods and materials for detecting the presence of cancer cells having an elevated level of Y59 phosphorylated Ub polypeptides are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using HEATR1 expression levels for guiding chemotherapy treatment of pancreatic cancer. In particular, measuring lower HEATR1 expression in pancreatic cancer is associated with resistance to the use of certain chemotherapy treatments such that by changing the treatment a better prognosis may be obtained for the patient. Further, lower HEATR1 expression is related to a poorer long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients thus measuring an increase or maintenance/decrease during treatment may be useful for predicting treatment response.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying mammals (e.g., humans) having cancer cells with an elevated level of phosphorylated Ub polypeptides (e.g., an elevated level of Y59 phosphorylated Ub polypeptides). For example, methods and materials for detecting the presence of cancer cells having an elevated level of Y59 phosphorylated Ub polypeptides are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for using an inhibitor of UFM1 activity or expression and/or an inhibitor of UFL1 activity or expression to reduce a cancer cell's ability to carry out a DDR, thereby increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment with a DNA damaging therapy such as radiation or chemotherapy, are provided.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials for treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for inhibiting the function of an intracellular domain of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) to sensitize cancer cells in a mammal (e.g., a human) to one or more cancer treatments (e.g., radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy) are provided. Also provided are methods and materials for identifying compounds that inhibit the function of an intracellular PD-L1 domain.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having cancer cells that express little, or no, Parkin mRNA or Parkin polypeptide and administering one or more mitotic kinase inhibitors to treat the mammal identified as having cancer cells with a Parkin deficiency are provided. Methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having a cancer that is responsive to treatment with one or more mitotic kinase inhibitors also are provided.

Abstract: This document provides materials and methods for treating cancer metastases. For example, materials and methods for using a CDK 4/6 inhibitor and/or a CDK1 inhibitor to prevent cancer cell metastasis, prevent further cancer cell metastasis, reduce the number of metastatic cancer cells, and/or reduce the risk of cancer cell metastasis within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer (e.g., by reducing metastasis) are provided herein. For example, materials and methods for treating cancer by targeting WSB1 and/or pVHL are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for using an inhibitor of UFM1 activity or expression and/or an inhibitor of UFL1 activity or expression to reduce a cancer cell's ability to carry out a DDR, thereby increasing the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment with a DNA damaging therapy such as radiation or chemotherapy, are provided.

Abstract: This document provides materials and methods for treating cancer metastases. For example, materials and methods for using a CDK 4/6 inhibitor and/or a CDK1 inhibitor to prevent cancer cell metastasis, prevent further cancer cell metastasis, reduce the number of metastatic cancer cells, and/or reduce the risk of cancer cell metastasis within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in modulating deubiquitinases (e.g., USP10 polypeptides) and/or ubiquitinated polypeptides (e.g., tumor suppressor polypeptides or mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides). For example, methods and materials for increasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for decreasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for stabilizing tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., wild-type p53 polypeptides), methods and materials for de-stabilizing mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., mutant p53 polypeptides), and methods and materials for reducing cancer cell proliferation, increasing cancer cell apoptosis, and/or treating cancer (e.g., cancers having reduced levels of wild-type p53 polypeptides or cancers having increased levels of mutant p53 polypeptides) are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for modulating activity of kinases such as AMPK and mTOR via the deubiquitinase, USP10, are provided herein. Also provided are materials and methods for treating clinical conditions mediated at least in part by such kinases, including obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and some cancers.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer (e.g., by reducing metastasis) are provided herein. For example, materials and methods for treating cancer by targeting WSB1 and/or pVHL are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having cancer cells that express little, or no, Parkin mRNA or Parkin polypeptide and administering one or more mitotic kinase inhibitors to treat the mammal identified as having cancer cells with a Parkin deficiency are provided. Methods and materials for identifying a mammal as having a cancer that is responsive to treatment with one or more mitotic kinase inhibitors also are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of using HEATR1 expression levels for guiding chemotherapy treatment of pancreatic cancer. In particular, measuring lower HEATR1 expression in pancreatic cancer is associated with resistance to the use of certain chemotherapy treatments such that by changing the treatment a better prognosis may be obtained for the patient. Further, lower HEATR1 expression is related to a poorer long-term prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients thus measuring an increase or maintenance/decrease during treatment may be useful for predicting treatment response.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in modulating deubiquitinases (e.g., USP10 polypeptides) and/or ubiquitinated polypeptides (e.g., tumor suppressor polypeptides or mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides). For example, methods and materials for increasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for decreasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for stabilizing tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., wild-type p53 polypeptides), methods and materials for de-stabilizing mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., mutant p53 polypeptides), and methods and materials for reducing cancer cell proliferation, increasing cancer cell apoptosis, and/or treating cancer (e.g., cancers having reduced levels of wild-type p53 polypeptides or cancers having increased levels of mutant p53 polypeptides) are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer (e.g., by reducing metastasis) are provided herein. For example, materials and methods for treating cancer by targeting WSB1 and/or pVHL are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating cancer. For example, methods and materials for using an inhibitor of a BET polypeptide to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment with an inhibitor of a PARP polypeptide are provided.

Abstract: Materials and methods for treating cancer (e.g., by reducing metastasis) are provided herein. For example, materials and methods for treating cancer by targeting WSB1 and/or pVHL are provided.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in modulating deubiquitinases (e.g., USP10 polypeptides) and/or ubiquitinated polypeptides (e.g., tumor suppressor polypeptides or mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides). For example, methods and materials for increasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for decreasing deubiquitinase (e.g., a USP10 polypeptide) expression or activity, methods and materials for stabilizing tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., wild-type p53 polypeptides), methods and materials for de-stabilizing mutant versions of tumor suppressor polypeptides (e.g., mutant p53 polypeptides), and methods and materials for reducing cancer cell proliferation, increasing cancer cell apoptosis, and/or treating cancer (e.g., cancers having reduced levels of wild-type p53 polypeptides or cancers having increased levels of mutant p53 polypeptides) are provided.