Abstract: An external cavity tunable laser includes a gain median module to generate a broadband optical spectrum covering a predetermined wavelength range; a collimate lens turning a diverging beam into a collimated beam; a pair of etalons to tune frequency; an actuator to adjust an external cavity optical pathlength; a bandpass filter to block one or more frequencies outside the predetermined wavelength range; a beam splitter to split a percentage of the beam to a photodetector; a reflection mirror for feedback to gain median waveguide; an isolator for preventing reflecting light back to the external cavity; and a hermetically sealed housing less than 0.15 cubic centimeters.

Abstract: A method for detecting and/or preventing overfitting in training of deep learning and neural network models. The method has a classifier-training method, an overfitting-detection method, and an overfitting-prevention method. The classifier-training method trains one or more classifiers using training histories and labels of one or more trained machine-learning (ML) models. The overfitting-detection method uses the trained classifiers based on the training history such as validation losses of a trained target ML model to identify an overfitting status of the trained target ML model. The overfitting-prevention method is performed during the training of a target ML model and uses the trained classifiers based on the training history of the target ML model to identify and preventing overfitting of the target ML model.

Abstract: An electric control valve provided in the present invention has a valve gate and a control actuator including a middle seat (10), a setting part (9), a thermal sensitive element (7), a pushing rod (11) and a memory alloy spring (6), wherein, the thermal sensitive element (7) is disposed within the middle seat (10) and fixed by the setting part (9), with both poles on it being connected with control terminals respectively, the thermal sensitive element (7) is surrounded by the memory alloy spring (6) and the pushing rod (11) located under the memory alloy spring from outside. Through applying operating voltage on the thermal sensitive element within the electric control valve and then swiftly transmitting heat to the memory alloy spring, when the temperature of the memory alloy spring reaches to a deforming temperature, the memory alloy spring deforms and expands and thus pushes the pushing rod to move. A core 4 and a piston are then driven to move by magnetic coupling.

Abstract: An electric control valve provided in the present invention has a valve gate and a control actuator including a middle seat (10), a setting part (9), a thermal sensitive element (7), a pushing rod (11) and a memory alloy spring (6), wherein, the thermal sensitive element (7) is disposed within the middle seat (10) and fixed by the setting part (9), with both poles on it being connected with control terminals respectively, the thermal sensitive element (7) is surrounded by the memory alloy spring (6) and the pushing rod (11) located under the memory alloy spring from outside. Through applying operating voltage on the thermal sensitive element within the electric control valve and then swiftly transmitting heat to the memory alloy spring, when the temperature of the memory alloy spring reaches to a deforming temperature, the memory alloy spring deforms and expands and thus pushes the pushing rod to move. A core 4 and a piston are then driven to move by magnetic coupling.