Abstract: A chemically modified polysaccharide additive may be introduced to a wastewater stream in an effective amount to remove oil-coated particulates and/or heavy metal contaminants from the wastewater stream. The chemically modified polysaccharide includes at least one sulfur-containing moiety and/or nitrogen-containing moiety and the contaminants may be removed by using this chemically modified polysaccharide to capture the contaminants and separating out the captured contaminants.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a family of oil-based dispersions of organic and inorganic metal compounds for use as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger in asphalt, and the preparation thereof. These dispersions comprise organic and inorganic metal compounds, organic solvents, an organoclay suspension agent, an emulsifier and optionally a polymeric stabilizer. The organic and inorganic metal compounds are in the form of micron-sized particles. Copper-based dispersions are particularly effective at reducing the hydrogen sulfide emission of asphalt in the presence of polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: A chemically modified polysaccharide additive may be introduced to a wastewater stream in an effective amount to remove oil-coated particulates and/or heavy metal contaminants from the wastewater stream. The chemically modified polysaccharide includes at least one sulfur-containing moiety and/or nitrogen-containing moiety and the contaminants may be removed by using this chemically modified polysaccharide to capture the contaminants and separating out the captured contaminants.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a family of oil-based dispersions of organic and inorganic metal compounds for use as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger in asphalt, and the preparation thereof. These dispersions comprise organic and inorganic metal compounds, organic solvents, an organoclay suspension agent, an emulsifier and optionally a polymeric stabilizer. The organic and inorganic metal compounds are in the form of micron-sized particles. Copper-based dispersions are particularly effective at reducing the hydrogen sulfide emission of asphalt in the presence of polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a family of oil-based dispersions of organic and inorganic metal compounds for use as a hydrogen sulfide scavenger in asphalt, and the preparation thereof. These dispersions comprise organic and inorganic metal compounds, organic solvents, an organoclay suspension agent, an emulsifier and optionally a polymeric stabilizer. The organic and inorganic metal compounds are in the form of micron-sized particles. Copper-based dispersions are particularly effective at reducing the hydrogen sulfide emission of asphalt in the presence of polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: Introducing an additive into a crude oil may result in the crude oil having comparatively lower acid levels as compared to an otherwise identical crude oil absent the additive. The additive may include nanoparticles of metal oxides, oil soluble hydrogen donors, and/or heavy amines. The oil soluble hydrogen donors may be or include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrdroquinoline; 9,10-dihydroanthracene; 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene; and combinations thereof. The heavy amines may be or include alkyl amines, alkanolamines, polyethylene amines, polypropylene amines, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: Fouling in basic washing systems such as caustic scrubbers can be prevented or at least mitigated by treating the liquid washing phase used in a caustic scrubber with an additive having at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxalyl dihydrazide, a disulfite salt, isopropyl hydroxylamine, chlorobenzhydrazide, aminobenzhydrazide, a thiosulfate salt, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, a hydrosulfite salt, and mixtures thereof, particularly in the case where the liquid washing phase includes components that may undergo an aldol condensation, the products of which may cause fouling solids and/or sludges.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: Additives for improving furnace heat transfer efficiency may be effectively screened for effectiveness by heating the additive, optionally mixed with ash, to the operating temperature of the furnace and measuring its relative emissivity. Additives that have lower emissivity at furnace operating temperatures may be useful for improving furnace heat transfer efficiency as compared to those that have higher emissivity.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for attaining short carbon nanotubes utilizing electron beam irradiation, for example, of a carbon nanotube sample. The sample may be pretreated, for example by oxonation. The pretreatment may introduce defects to the sidewalls of the nanotubes. The method is shown to produces nanotubes with a distribution of lengths, with the majority of lengths shorter than 100 tun. Further, the median length of the nanotubes is between about 20 nm and about 100 nm.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: Elimination and/or mitigation of fouling in a vapor transport systems, such as vent lines and scrubber feed lines may be accomplished using an antifouling additive. The method for employing the antifouling additive includes introducing into the vapor transport system an additive including a polar solvent and corrosion inhibitor wherein: the vapor transport system is substantially water free; the vapor transport system is used to transport acidic materials; the additive is a liquid at vapor transport system operating conditions; and the additive is stable at the vapor transport system operating conditions.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, the present invention provides a method for attaining short carbon nanotubes utilizing electron beam irradiation, for example, of a carbon nanotube sample. The sample may be pretreated, for example by oxonation. The pretreatment may introduce defects to the sidewalls of the nanotubes. The method is shown to produces nanotubes with a distribution of lengths, with the majority of lengths shorter than 100 tun. Further, the median length of the nanotubes is between about 20 nm and about 100 nm.

Abstract: Fouling in basic washing systems such as caustic scrubbers can be prevented or at least mitigated by treating the liquid washing phase used in a caustic scrubber with an additive having at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxalyl dihydrazide, a disulfite salt, isopropyl hydroxylamine, chlorobenzhydrazide, aminobenzhydrazide, a thiosulfate salt, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, a hydrosulfite salt, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the fluorination of polymeric C60 and towards the chemical and physical modifications of polymeric C60 that can be accomplished through fluorination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an all gas-phase process for the purification of single-wall carbon nanotubes and the purified single-wall carbon nanotube material. Known methods of single-wall carbon nanotube production result in a single-wall carbon nanotube product that contains single-wall carbon nanotubes in addition to impurities including residual metal catalyst particles and amounts of small amorphous carbon sheets that surround the catalyst particles and appear on the sides of the single-wall carbon nanotubes and “ropes” of single-wall carbon nanotubes. The purification process removes the extraneous carbon as well as metal-containing residual catalyst particles. The process comprises oxidation of the single-wall carbon nanotube material, reduction and reaction of a halogen-containing gas with the metal-containing species. The oxidation step may be done dry or in the presence of water vapor.

Abstract: A method for cutting single-wall carbon nanotubes involves partially fluorinating single-wall carbon nanotubes and pyrolyzing the partially fluorinated nanotubes in an inert atmosphere or vacuum up to about 1000° C. The nanotubes are optionally purified before cutting. The partial fluorination involves fluorinating the nanotubes to a carbon-fluorine stoichiometry of CFx, where x is up to about 0.3. The invention also relates to the derivatization of fluorinated and cut single-wall carbon nanotubes. The single-wall carbon nanotubes can be cut to any length depending on the fluorination and pyrolysis conditions. Short nanotubes are useful in various applications, such as field emitters for flat panel displays and as “seeds” for further nanotube growth.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the fluorination of polymeric C60 and towards the chemical and physical modifications of polymeric C60 that can be accomplished through fluorination.