Abstract: The invention includes a mutant Taq polymerase, which can significantly extend and amplify a target sequence where the extension conditions are time limited to as little as one second. The mutant Taq polymerase, or a biologically active fragment thereof, has one or more substitutions differing from the wild type as shown in Table I.

Abstract: Core-cladding planar waveguide (PWG) structures and methods of making and using same. The core-cladding PWG structures can be synthesized by hydride vapor phase epitaxy and processed by mechanical and chemical-mechanical polishing. An Er doping concentration of [Er] between 1×1018 atoms/cm3 and 1×1022 atoms/cm3 can be in the core layer. Such PWGs have a core region that can achieve optical confinement between 96% and 99% and above.

Abstract: A display substrate is provided. The display substrate includes a display region and a non-display region surrounding the display region. A portion, in the non-display region, of the display substrate includes: a base, a first material layer disposed on a side of the base, and a second material layer disposed on a side of the first material layer away from the base. The first material layer includes a first portion and a plurality of second portions, a thickness of the first portion is less than a thickness of the second portion, a first portion is disposed between any two adjacent second portions, and the second material layer covers the first material layer.

Abstract: Provided is a server that is capable of directly sending a notification of an error to a non-registered user who is not authenticated and permitted to use an image forming apparatus. An authenticating unit performs authentication permission according to authentication information of a user. A notification-event-setting unit sets to send a notification of a server error as a recognizable event to a non-registered user, who is not registered to perform authentication permission by the authenticating unit. An event-notifying unit notifies about the event set by the notification-event-setting unit when the error actually occurs.

Abstract: A master server includes a mapping management unit that returns, with respect to an address inquiry request for a site server to be in cooperation with a PC, the address inquiry request being sent from the PC, an IP address of the site server to be in cooperation with the PC that sent the address inquiry request. The site server includes an authentication processing unit that authenticates the user in response to an authentication request for the user from the PC, and returns an authentication result to the PC, a permission information providing unit that, when the authentication processing unit succeeds in authentication, obtains the permission information corresponding to the user from the second memory, and provides the permission information to the PC that sent the authentication request, and a second spooler that spools job data from the PC, and outputs the job data to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming system capable of updating internal data of an external device according to an instruction from a server. An app-installing unit installs an application for updating internal data of card reader in an image forming apparatus. An internal-data-updating unit causes the image forming apparatus to execute the application installed by the app-installing unit. An app-acquiring unit acquires the application from the server according to an instruction from the server. An app-executing unit executes the app acquired by the app-acquiring unit and updates the external device to the internal data. As a result, the internal data of the card reader is updated.

Abstract: An output system includes an output section, a fee calculation section, and a payment code notification section. The output section outputs an image and/or a document. The fee calculation section calculates a fee necessary for outputting the image and/or the document in accordance with a specific standard. The payment code notification section notifies a payment code issued by an online payment service for the fee calculated by the fee calculation section. The output section outputs the image and/or the document when the fee has been paid via the online payment service using the payment code notified by the payment code notification section.

Abstract: Provided is an authentication system that achieves simple single sign-on used by an MFP. A management application includes a first authentication-request unit that transmits an authentication request to a management server and delivers a token to an execution platform. The other application includes a second authentication-request unit that sends an authentication request together with the token to another server. The application-execution platform includes a token-delivery unit that delivers the token to the other application. The management server includes a first authentication unit that returns a token to the first authentication-request unit, a token-creation unit, and a second authentication unit that performs authentication for an inquiry from the other server that uses a token. The other server includes a third authentication-request unit that transfers an authentication request, and transfers an authentication OK message to the second authentication-request unit.

Abstract: The management server authenticates the user on the basis of the authentication request using the user name and the password received from the image forming apparatus, generates user session information obtained in a process of the user authentication process, stores the user session information in association with the IP address of the image forming apparatus in the third memory, and supplies the user session information in response to an inquiry using the IP address from the third party server. The third party server receives the authentication request using the IP address from the image forming apparatus, makes an inquiry to the management server by using the IP address, and authenticates the user on the basis of the returned user session information.

Abstract: A printing system includes a data processing device and an image forming apparatus. The data processing device includes a data managing unit, a data transmitting unit, and a partial-data generating unit. The image forming apparatus includes a data reporting unit and a data request unit. The data reporting unit reports interrupted print data as the print data for which the image forming apparatus has terminated performance of a printing at a page in a middle. The partial-data generating unit generates unprinted-page print data as the partial-page print data, the unprinted-page print data being the print data of the pages the printing of which has been un-performed by the image forming apparatus in the interrupted print data. The data transmitting unit transmits the unprinted-page print data generated by the partial-data generating unit to the image forming apparatus when the interrupted print data is requested from the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming system that reduces the time and labor of setting the printer driver of a user terminal. A common queue temporarily stores printing jobs transmitted from each user terminal. A plurality of individual queues is associated one-to-one with a plurality of image forming apparatuses. A printing-job-distributing unit distributes the printing jobs stored in the common queues to any of the plurality of individual queues. A printing-job-creation unit, based on the printer driver in which the output destination of the printing job is commonly set in the common queue, creates a printing job that includes a user name. The printing-job-distributing unit distributes the printing job to an individual queue based on the user name.

Abstract: Provided is a server that is capable of directly sending a notification of an error to a non-registered user who is not authenticated and permitted to use an image forming apparatus. An authenticating unit performs authentication permission according to authentication information of a user. A notification-event-setting unit sets to send a notification of a server error as a recognizable event to a non-registered user, who is not registered to perform authentication permission by the authenticating unit. An event-notifying unit notifies about the event set by the notification-event-setting unit when the error actually occurs.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming system that reduces time and effort of setting in a printer driver of a user terminal. The managing server includes a common queue that stores the print job transmitted from each user terminal, temporarily, a plurality of individual queues that is associated with the plurality of image forming apparatuses by one to one, an individual queue setting accepting part that accepts a setting of the individual queue for each user, a print job distributing part that distributes the print job to the accepted individual queue, a print job transmitting part that transmits the print job to the image forming apparatus associated with the individual queue. Each user terminal includes a print job generating part that generates the print job based on the printer driver set output destination of the print job to the common queue.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus capable of flexible billing. The server manages billing of users that use image forming apparatuses. An authentication-acquiring unit acquires authentication information of users from image forming apparatuses. An authenticating unit authenticates users according to authentication acquired by the authentication-acquiring unit. A billing unit performs billing in which user billing information, which is billing information in units of the users authenticated by the authenticating unit, is applied to apparatus billing information, which is billing information in units of image forming apparatuses. A billing-control-transmitting unit transmits billing control information for controlling functions of the image forming apparatuses in correspondence with billing by the billing unit.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming system capable of updating internal data of an external device according to an instruction from a server. An app-installing unit installs an application for updating internal data of card reader in an image forming apparatus. An internal-data-updating unit causes the image forming apparatus to execute the application installed by the app-installing unit. An app-acquiring unit acquires the application from the server according to an instruction from the server. An app-executing unit executes the app acquired by the app-acquiring unit and updates the external device to the internal data. As a result, the internal data of the card reader is updated.

Abstract: Provided is a management server that flexibly filters report items under various conditions according to a customer environment. The management server manages a plurality of image forming apparatuses 3 via a network. The management server includes a management information database (management information DB), a filtering-setting-receiving unit, and a report-generating unit. The management information database registers job histories of the plurality of image forming apparatuses. The filtering-setting-receiving unit receives a filtering setting for the management information database by SQL. The report-generating unit executes the SQL received by the filtering-setting-receiving unit for the management information database and generates a report based on the job histories.

Abstract: A printing system includes a data processing device and an image forming apparatus. The data processing device processes print data. The data processing device includes a data receiving unit, a data managing unit, a data transmitting unit, and a preview image generating unit. The preview image generating unit generates a preview image based on print data. When the data receiving unit receives print data of a plurality of pages, the preview image generating unit automatically generates the preview image of a part of pages among the plurality of pages. The data managing unit manages the preview image generated by the preview image generating unit. When the data managing unit manages the preview image of a page requested from the image forming apparatus, the data transmitting unit transmits the preview image managed by the data managing unit to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: A print management device includes a queue managing unit, a wireless communication unit, a data storage unit, and a data transmitting unit. The queue managing unit manages queues related to image forming apparatuses. The wireless communication unit communicates with a user terminal in a common wireless printing protocol. The wireless printing protocol does not require a driver individually corresponding to the image forming apparatuses. The data storage unit stores print data received by the wireless communication unit from the user terminal over the communications in the queues managed by the queue managing unit. The data transmitting unit takes out the print data from the queue to transmit the print data to the image forming apparatus related to the queue.

Abstract: A job executing system includes an image forming apparatus, a user terminal, a computer, and a bank account management system. The online payment service transmits a payment completion notification of a charge and a payment code to the computer with the computer identifier made to correspond to the payment code in first payment code management information. When the computer receives the payment completion notification, the computer transmits the payment completion notification of the charge for the job with the job identifier made to correspond to the payment code in the second payment code management information to the image forming apparatus, the image forming apparatus having the image forming apparatus identifier made to correspond to the payment code in the second payment code management information. When the image forming apparatus receives the payment completion notification, the image forming apparatus executes the job with the job identifier.

Abstract: An information-processing system includes a personal computer, a management server, and one or more image forming apparatuses. The management server includes an emulator management unit and one or more emulators, and an estimated amount calculating unit. The estimated amount calculating unit calculates an estimated amount of charging when the print job is executed using the total count of pages, the print paper sheet size for each page, and the color/monochrome type for each page of the document to be printed by the print job determined by the emulator selected by the emulator management unit. Each of the one or more image forming apparatuses includes an estimated amount display. The estimated amount display obtains the estimated amount of charging from the management server when the print job is executed, so as to present the estimated amount of charging to the user via the display.