Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a switching element, a first insulating layer, a first metal layer, and an energy-absorbing layer. The switching element is on the substrate and has a source/drain. The first insulating layer covers the switching element and has a first opening. The first metal layer is on the first insulating layer and extends through the first opening. The energy-absorbing layer is over the first metal layer. A first orthographic projection area of the first opening projected on the substrate is within a second orthographic projection area of the energy-absorbing layer projected on the substrate. A laser reflectivity of a material of the energy-absorbing layer is higher than a laser reflectivity of a material of the source/drain. A laser absorptivity of the material of the energy-absorbing layer is lower than a laser absorptivity of the material of the source/drain.

Abstract: A display panel including a driving circuit layer, multiple light emitting devices and multiple encapsulation structures is provided. The light emitting devices are disposed on the driving circuit layer, and each includes a first electrode, a light emitting pattern, a second electrode and a pixel definition layer. The light emitting pattern is disposed on the first electrode. The second electrode is disposed on the light emitting pattern. The pixel definition layer is disposed on the driving circuit layer, and has a pixel opening overlapping the first electrode. The light emitting pattern and the second electrode cover the pixel definition layer, the first electrode located in the pixel opening of the pixel definition layer and part of the driving circuit layer located outside the pixel opening of the pixel definition layer. The encapsulation structures cover the light emitting devices and each includes a first encapsulation pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-irritating ophthalmic emulsion compositions useful for treating ocular disorders including dry eye. More specifically, the ophthalmic compositions disclosed herein combine a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant together with an omega-3 fatty acid-containing oil having non-polar aliphatic side chains to form a therapeutic non-irritating eye drop.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions having an average particle size less than 1 ?m including at least one plant-derived oil other than castor oil wherein the oil comprises only aliphatic side chains free of polar pendent groups. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions also include a hydrophilic surfactant having an HLB value between approximately 10 and 14, a vegetable oil-derived hydrophobic non-co-block surfactant having unsaturated side chains that contain less than four oxygen atoms having an HLB value between approximately 4 and 6 and is a liquid at room temperature. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions disclosed herein can further include an amount of cyclosporine A or polyphenol in an amount effective to relieve dry eye symptoms.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a novel method of making quaternary ammonium polymers comprising the steps of: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, triethanolamine, water and an acid; and b) introducing a 1,4-dihalo-2-butene to the mixture so as to initiate a reaction resulting in the quaternary ammonium polymer.

Abstract: Antimicrobial or preservative compositions with high user comfort and/or low ocular irritation. The compositions comprise a polyquaternary ammonium compound and an amidoamine having an alcohol group and exhibit synergistic antimicrobial activity. The compositions may be used as stand-alone antimicrobials/preservatives or may be incorporated into other ocular compositions such as those for ocular lens care or the treatment of ocular conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions having an average particle size less than 1 ?m including at least one plant-derived oil other than castor oil wherein the oil comprises only aliphatic side chains free of polar pendent groups. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions also include a hydrophilic surfactant having an HLB value between approximately 10 and 14, a vegetable oil-derived hydrophobic non-co-block surfactant having unsaturated side chains that contain less than four oxygen atoms having an HLB value between approximately 4 and 6 and is a liquid at room temperature. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions disclosed herein can further include an amount of cyclosporine A or polyphenol in an amount effective to relieve dry eye symptoms.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a novel method of making quaternary ammonium polymers comprising the steps of: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, triethanolamine, water and an acid; and b) introducing a 1,4-dihalo-2-butene to the mixture so as to initiate a reaction resulting in the quaternary ammonium polymer.

Abstract: A ophthalmic composition, comprising: an aqueous liquid medium, and an effective amount of polyquaternium-1 made by a process of: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, triethanolamine and an acid; b) introducing a 1,4-dichloro-2-butene to the mixture, and c) isolating polyquaternium-1 having a molecular weight as determined by a proton NMR method of about 10,000 or more, at a yield of at least about 50%.

Abstract: A multipurpose solution for contact lens care, comprising: an aqueous liquid medium; a quaternary ammonium polymer having an average molecular weight as determined by the proton NMR method of at least 28 k, and methods for making the same.

Abstract: A multipurpose solution for contact lens care, comprising: an aqueous liquid medium; a quaternary ammonium polymer having an average molecular weight as determined by the proton NMR method of at least 22 k, and methods for making.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a novel method of making quaternary ammonium polymers comprising the steps of: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, triethanolamine, water and an acid; and b) introducing a 1,4-dihalo-2-butene to the mixture so as to initiate a reaction resulting in the quaternary ammonium polymer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-irritating ophthalmic emulsion compositions useful for treating ocular disorders including dry eye and related methods. More specifically, the ophthalmic compositions disclosed herein combine a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant together with a plant-derived triglyceride having non-polar aliphatic side chains to form a therapeutic non-irritating eye drop.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are stable oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions having an average particle size less than 1 ?m including at least one plant-derived oil other than castor oil wherein the oil comprises only aliphatic side chains free of polar pendent groups. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions also include a hydrophilic surfactant having an HLB value between approximately 10 and 14, a vegetable oil-derived hydrophobic non-co-block surfactant having unsaturated side chains that contain less than four oxygen atoms having an HLB value between approximately 4 and 6 and is a liquid at room temperature. The oil-in-water emulsion ophthalmic topical liquid compositions disclosed herein can further include an amount of cyclosporine A effective to relieve dry eye symptoms.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are non-irritating ophthalmic emulsion compositions useful for treating ocular disorders including dry eye. More specifically, the ophthalmic compositions disclosed herein combine a high HLB surfactant and a low HLB surfactant together with an omega-3 fatty acid-containing oil having non-polar aliphatic side chains to form a therapeutic non-irritating eye drop.

Abstract: A multipurpose solution for contact lens care, comprising: an aqueous liquid medium; a quaternary ammonium polymer having an average molecular weight as determined by the proton NMR method of at least 28 k, and methods for making the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ophthalmic solutions and methods of using the solutions which comprise a complex of at least one cationic component and an anionic polymer, wherein the complex can be used as an antimicrobial agent. The solutions described have complexes which can be dissolved in aqueous ophthalmic solutions due to both lower charge load and lower total polymer concentrations than commonly taught. The complexes display different antimicrobial profiles than the non-complexed antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: A method of making antimicrobial quaternary ammonium polymers, comprising: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, water, a first portion of triethanolamine and a first portion of acid; b) adding a 1,4-dihalo-2-butene and heating the reaction mixture; c) adding a second portion of triethanolamine and a second portion of acid, and d) isolating a quaternary ammonium polymer having a molecular weight of at least 26 k.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to a novel method of making quaternary ammonium polymers comprising the steps of: a) mixing 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene, triethanolamine, water and an acid; and b) introducing a 1,4-dihalo-2-butene to the mixture so as to initiate a reaction resulting in the quaternary ammonium polymer.

Abstract: A multi-purpose contact lens care solution having high antimicrobial activity comprising, in an aqueous liquid medium, cetylpyridinium chloride and a non-ionic surfactant. In one embodiment of the invention, the non-ionic surfactant is a poly(oxypropylene)-poly(oxyethylene) block copolymer. The solution may optionally also include additional antimicrobial components, a buffer component, a viscosity inducing component, a surfactant, taurine, propylene glycol and/or a tonicity component. This solution additionally prevents losses in ocular tissue membrane integrity during contact lens wear.