Abstract: In today's English education field, English learning typically focuses on reading comprehension and writing. Students learn vocabulary along the way. However, there are many English learners, especially English as a second language students, whose vocabulary levels are often much lower than their reading comprehension levels. Vocabulary learning, often confused by many people as vocabulary memorization, is very critical and more than simply memorizing word definitions. Vocabulary usage, such as reading, listening, speaking, and writing with words, is a critical part of vocabulary learning. In addition, to ensure mastery of learning, these learning materials need to be delivered in a looping process over multiple time intervals over a time span. To help millions of people learning English, I invented a vocabulary learning central English educational system in which learning materials are built around tiered, grouped and expanded words over time intervals over a time span.

Abstract: An exhaust system including a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) component and an oxidation catalyst component. The exhaust system also includes an exhaust treatment fluid injection system for dispersing an exhaust treatment fluid into an exhaust stream at a location adjacent either the SCR component or the oxidation catalyst component, wherein the exhaust treatment fluid injection device includes a common rail that provides the exhaust treatment fluid under pressure to a plurality of injectors that dose the exhaust treatment fluid into the exhaust stream. The exhaust treatment fluid injection device also includes a return rail for returning unused exhaust treatment fluid to the fluid source.

Abstract: An electrically heated, flexible fluid conduit or tube (40) includes an elongate, flexible tube body (42) defining a fluid flow path L (44) having a length (L) extending along a longitudinal axis (46). The tube body (42) includes an electrical resistance heater (48) surrounding the fluid flow path (44) over the length (L). The electrical resistance heater (48) has a heat output per unit length per voltage applied that does not vary when the tube body (42) is cut to different lengths.