Abstract: A current detection method adapted to an inverter is provided, which includes: determining that a plurality of lower arms of an inverter have a minimum conduction period when all the lower arms are turned on simultaneously; determining a sampling time point according to the minimum conduction period, wherein a period from a starting point of the minimum conduction period to the sampling time point is defined as a sampling period that is close to the minimum conduction period; simultaneously detecting currents flowing through the lower arms by a plurality of detection resistors to generate a plurality of measurement voltages; and determining the currents of the inverter according to the measurement voltages.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into expected products includes using a member reactor. In the method, a membrane reactor includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a fuel cell is provided. A cathode electrolyte and the carbon dioxide gas are passed through the cathode, and an anode electrolyte and an anode active material are passed through the anode chamber at the same time. An electrolytic voltage is applied to decompose the carbon dioxide gas into expected products. The expected products include a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas which are fed back to the fuel cell to generate electric power.

Abstract: A membrane reactor used for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into an expected product includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a power source. The solid electrolyte membrane separator is disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into two chambers defined as a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber, and the anode is disposed in the anode chamber. The cathode is a trickle bed structure including a porous conductive layer and cathode particles disposed on the porous conductive layer. The power source is disposed outside the cavity to provide an electrolytic voltage.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes at least one fuel cell element, which includes an anode, a cathode, a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, a first flow guide plate, and a second flow guide plate. Each of the anode and the cathode includes a catalyst layer including a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on an inner wall of each of the tube carriers, and a proton conductor filled in each of the plurality of tube carriers. A first end of each of the tube carriers connects with the proton exchange membrane. The first flow guide plate is disposed on a surface of the anode away from the proton exchange membrane. The second flow guide plate is disposed on a surface of the cathode away from the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly includes two electrodes and a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the two electrodes. Each electrode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on inner wall of each of the plurality of tube carriers, and proton conductor filled in each of the plurality of tube carriers. The tube carriers jointly define a plurality of reaction gas passages for transferring reaction gas to surfaces of the plurality of catalyst particles. One end of each of the tube carriers is connected with the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A membrane reactor used for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into an expected product includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a fuel cell. The solid electrolyte membrane separator is disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into two chambers defined as a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber, and the anode is disposed in the anode chamber. The fuel cell is disposed outside the cavity to provide an electrolytic voltage. The fuel cell includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a reaction product outlet. The expected product includes a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas used as a fuel is fed in the fuel inlet, and the oxygen gas used as an oxidant is fed in the oxidant inlet for the fuel cell to produce electrical power.

Abstract: A method for making fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is provided. In the method, a porous template having a number of holes and a proton exchange membrane is provided. A number of tube carriers having electron conductibility are formed. Each tube carrier is formed in one hole of the porous template. A number of catalyst particles are uniformly adsorbed on inner walls of the tube carriers. Proton conductor is filled in the tube carriers having catalyst particles adsorbing thereon. The proton exchange membrane is sandwiched between the two porous templates to form a laminated structure. The laminated structure is hot pressed. The porous templates are removed from the hot pressed laminated structure.

Abstract: A solar power supply system includes a power supply bus and a plurality of solar power storage systems. The power storage systems is electrically connected to each other in parallel via the power supply bus. Each of the solar power storage systems includes solar power storage modules and an inverter electrically connected to an external load and the solar power storage modules in series. Each of the solar power storage modules includes a lithium-ion battery unit, a solar cell unit, and a battery control unit. The solar cell unit charges the lithium-ion battery unit. The battery control unit is electrically connected to the lithium-ion battery unit and the solar cell unit, and controls the lithium-ion battery unit being charged or discharged.

Abstract: A bio-fuel cell includes at least one bio-fuel cell element. The bio-fuel cell element includes an anode, a cathode, an anode container filled with the bio-fuel, a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, and a guide plate. The cathode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on inner wall of each of the tube carriers, and proton conductor filled in each of the tube carriers. The tube carriers cooperatively define a number of reaction gas passages. One end of each of the tube carriers connects with the proton exchange membrane. The guide plate is disposed on a surface of the cathode away from the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A hybrid power supply system includes a number of power modules electrically connected with each other in series. Each power module includes a fuel cell unit and a lithium-ion battery unit. Each fuel cell unit includes at least two fuel cell monomers electrically connected with each other in series. Each lithium-ion battery unit includes one or more lithium ion battery monomers electrically connected with each other in parallel. Each fuel cell unit is electrically connected with each lithium-ion battery unit in parallel to directly charge the lithium-ion battery unit.

Abstract: A method for making a carbon nanotube based composite is provided. In the method, carriers, solution containing metal ions, and a carboxylic acid solution are mixed to form a mixed solution containing a complex compound. A reducing agent is added into the mixed solution. The metal ions are reduced to metal particles absorbed on the surface of the carriers. The carriers having the metal particles absorbed thereon are purified to obtain the carbon nanotube based composite.

Abstract: A membrane reactor used for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into an expected product includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a fuel cell. The solid electrolyte membrane separator is disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into two chambers defined as a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber, and the anode is disposed in the anode chamber. The fuel cell is disposed outside the cavity to provide an electrolytic voltage. The fuel cell includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, and a reaction product outlet. The expected product includes a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas. The hydrogen gas used as a fuel is fed in the fuel inlet, and the oxygen gas used as an oxidant is fed in the oxidant inlet for the fuel cell to produce electrical power.

Abstract: A method for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into expected products includes using a member reactor. In the method, a membrane reactor includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a fuel cell is provided. A cathode electrolyte and the carbon dioxide gas are passed through the cathode, and an anode electrolyte and an anode active material are passed through the anode chamber at the same time. An electrolytic voltage is applied to decompose the carbon dioxide gas into expected products. The expected products include a hydrogen gas and an oxygen gas which are fed back to the fuel cell to generate electric power.

Abstract: A membrane reactor used for electrochemically converting a carbon dioxide gas into an expected product includes a cavity, a solid electrolyte membrane separator, a cathode, an anode, and a power source. The solid electrolyte membrane separator is disposed in the cavity and divides the cavity into two chambers defined as a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. The cathode is disposed in the cathode chamber, and the anode is disposed in the anode chamber. The cathode is a trickle bed structure including a porous conductive layer and cathode particles disposed on the porous conductive layer. The power source is disposed outside the cavity to provide an electrolytic voltage.

Abstract: A bio-fuel cell includes at least one bio-fuel cell element. The bio-fuel cell element includes an anode, a cathode, an anode container filled with the bio-fuel, a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, and a guide plate. The cathode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on inner wall of each of the tube carriers, and proton conductor filled in each of the tube carriers. The tube carriers cooperatively define a number of reaction gas passages. One end of each of the tube carriers connects with the proton exchange membrane. The guide plate is disposed on a surface of the cathode away from the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes at least one fuel cell element, which includes an anode, a cathode, a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, a first flow guide plate, and a second flow guide plate. Each of the anode and the cathode includes a catalyst layer including a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on an inner wall of each of the tube carriers, and a proton conductor filled in each of the plurality of tube carriers. A first end of each of the tube carriers connects with the proton exchange membrane. The first flow guide plate is disposed on a surface of the anode away from the proton exchange membrane. The second flow guide plate is disposed on a surface of the cathode away from the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly includes two electrodes and a proton exchange membrane sandwiched between the two electrodes. Each electrode includes a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a number of tube carriers having electron conductibility, a number of catalyst particles uniformly adsorbed on inner wall of each of the plurality of tube carriers, and proton conductor filled in each of the plurality of tube carriers. The tube carriers jointly define a plurality of reaction gas passages for transferring reaction gas to surfaces of the plurality of catalyst particles. One end of each of the tube carriers is connected with the proton exchange membrane.

Abstract: A method for making fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is provided. In the method, a porous template having a number of holes and a proton exchange membrane is provided. A number of tube carriers having electron conductibility are formed. Each tube carrier is formed in one hole of the porous template. A number of catalyst particles are uniformly adsorbed on inner walls of the tube carriers. Proton conductor is filled in the tube carriers having catalyst particles adsorbing thereon. The proton exchange membrane is sandwiched between the two porous templates to form a laminated structure. The laminated structure is hot pressed. The porous templates are removed from the hot pressed laminated structure.

Abstract: A hybrid power supply system includes a number of power modules electrically connected with each other in series. Each power module includes a fuel cell unit and a lithium-ion battery unit. Each fuel cell unit includes at least two fuel cell monomers electrically connected with each other in series. Each lithium-ion battery unit includes one or more lithium ion battery monomers electrically connected with each other in parallel. Each fuel cell unit is electrically connected with each lithium-ion battery unit in parallel to directly charge the lithium-ion battery unit.

Abstract: A solar power supply system includes a power supply bus and a plurality of solar power storage systems. The power storage systems is electrically connected to each other in parallel via the power supply bus. Each of the solar power storage systems includes solar power storage modules and an inverter electrically connected to an external load and the solar power storage modules in series. Each of the solar power storage modules includes a lithium-ion battery unit, a solar cell unit, and a battery control unit. The solar cell unit charges the lithium-ion battery unit. The battery control unit is electrically connected to the lithium-ion battery unit and the solar cell unit, and controls the lithium-ion battery unit being charged or discharged.